This is Day 65 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing, We will cover the whole RAS Mains 2025 with this 90-day answer writing program
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GS Answer Writing – Climate – Origin of Monsoon, Climatic characteristics, Distribution of rainfall and Climatic regions | Natural Resources: Types and uses of (a) Water, Forest, Soil (b) Rocks & Minerals | Population: Growth, Distribution and Density, Sex-ratio, Literacy, Urban and Rural Population। Elaboration
El Nino is a climatic phenomenon/complex weather system that causes a warm water current near the Peruvian coast, occurring every three to seven years. Since this stream appears in December at the time of Christmas, it is also known as ‘Child Christ’.
El Nino has an adverse effect on the Indian monsoon. Due to El Nino, the air pressure near the Peruvian coast becomes lower than normal, the force pushing the south-east trade winds from here gets weakened. Instead, the attracting or pulling force of the trade winds becomes effective here. Due to this, the flow of these trade winds towards Asia also becomes weak.
As a result, the Indian monsoon becomes weak and rainfall is received late and below average.
Different types of relief, landforms, climatic zones and vegetation are found in India, which have contributed to the development of many types of soils in India.
| Soil Type | Location | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Alluvial Soil | Northern plains and river valleys | Fine, sandy soil deposited by rivers; highly fertile; 2 type : Bangar (Old deposits) and Khadar(New deposits)covers 40% of India’s land area.Generally, Poor in phosphorus , nitrogen and hummus, and Rich in potash |
| Black soil / Regur | Deccan Plateau | Black cotton soil formed from basalt rock; Maximum water holding capacity; self ploughing rich in iron, magnesium, lime, and aluminum; Poor in phosphorus, Nitrogen and humussuitable for crops like cotton, soybeans, and wheat. |
| Red and Yellow Soil | Parts of, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, chota nagpur plateau region, NE , south india | Red and yellow soils formed from weathering of crystalline igneous rocks Red colour due iron oxides, when hydrated → Yellowdeficient in phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter; suitable for crops like maize, tobacco, sorghum, and millet. |
| Laterite soil | High rainfall and tropical region of Western Ghat region, in eastern ghat region , and NE | Formation ⇒ Slope area + High rainfall + High Temperature; alternate Dry and Wet period Reddish-brown soil rich in iron oxides and aluminum hydroxides; deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter; suitable for cash crops like cashews, coffee, rubber, and spices |
| Arid soil | Western Rajasthan | Sandy soil with low nitrogen, organic matter content; normal presence of phosphate ; poor moisture retention suitable for drought-resistant crops like pearl millet.Lower horizons of soil are occupied by ‘kankars’ |
| Saline Soil | Coastal regions, deltas, swampy , waterlogged regions | Also called ‘Usar’ soilContain a large proportion of salts like sodium, potassium and magnesium ; Poor in nitrogen and calcium → unsuitable for plant growth. |
| Peaty Soil | Northern Bihar, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Tamil Nadu(Tarai belt, delta region) | in areas with heavy rainfall and high humidity High Humus → Black colorJute Cultivation ; Mangroves |
| Montane / Forest Soil | Hilly regions →forest area with adequate rainfall(Himalaya etc) | Thin layered immature soillacks humus and calcium; acidic soil. Where the layer of this soil is thicker, tea and potato cultivation is done. In the areas where the granular structure is fine, terraced farming is done to raise rice crops. Pastures are found on the slopes with less fertile soils. |
Paper 4 (Comprehension part) – Elaboration
Day 65 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
Day 65 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
