1 May RAS Mains Answer Writing

Answer:

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to inadequate insulin production, impaired insulin function, or both.

Answer:

Answer:

Lifestyle diseases are health conditions that are primarily caused by unhealthy lifestyle choices and habits. The silent epidemic of lifestyle diseases is fuelled by common behavioral risk factors — unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, the use of tobacco and alcohol — which are all on the rise in India.

• Some common examples of lifestyle diseases include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and chronic respiratory conditions.

Reasons for the rise of lifestyle diseases:

• Unhealthy Diet: High consumption of ultra processed foods, sugary beverages, saturated fats, and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity ⇒ recent lifestyle changes : use of OTT, social media 
• Tobacco Use: lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders.
• Excessive Alcohol Intake:liver disease, cardiovascular problems, certain cancers, and other health issues.
• Stress: Chronic stress and inadequate stress management can trigger unhealthy behaviors such as overeating, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption.

Characteristics of lifestyle diseases:

• Non contagious origin
• Chronic Nature: typically develop gradually over time and persist for an extended period, often requiring long-term management and treatment.
• Preventable: through lifestyle modifications, including adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, and managing stress effectively.
• Multifactorial Causes: Lifestyle diseases result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, making them complex and multifactorial in nature.
• Impact on Quality of Life: by reducing mobility, causing pain and discomfort, and increasing the risk of disability and premature death.

Efforts taken by governments:

• National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) 
• 75/25 initiative, aimed at screening and providing standard of care for 75 million individuals with hypertension and diabetes by 2025.
• COTPA act, 2003  to regulate the use of tobacco products 
• For prevention, control and screening for common NCDs i.e., diabetes, hypertension and common cancers has been rolled out in the country under NHM and also as a part of Comprehensive Primary Health Care
• Preventive aspect of NCDs has been strengthened through Ayushman Bharat Health Wellness Centre scheme
• FSSAI role in promoting Healthy eating ⇒ Eat right campaign, capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 2% , restriction on reusing of cooking oil (RUCO), voluntary labeling “Trans fat logo”
• Fit India movement is implemented by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
• Various Yoga related activities are carried out by the Ministry of AYUSH.
• Diversification of Diet : Promotion of Millets as Shree Anna
• As per the National Health Policy (2017), the target for non-communicable diseases is to reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 25% by 2025.

Ultimately, addressing lifestyle diseases requires a collective effort involving individuals, communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders

Answer:

क्या कभी किसी ने सोचा होगा कि एक दिन हम चाँद पर होंगे ! ये सपने जैसा ही था, है ना ? लेकिन अब लगता है कि ये निकट भविष्य में सम्भव होने वाला है। ठीक इसी तरह , जो भी कुछ आज हमें मुश्किल लगता है , वो जरुरी नहीं मुश्किल हो। इसलिए , कम से कम हमें प्रयास ज़रूर करना चाहिए। और साथ ही, हमें धैर्य भी रखना चाहिए क्योंकि अगर कोई चीज़ उतनी मुश्किल नहीं है , तो उतनी आसान भी नहीं है।