Organizational Behaviour (OB) is the systematic study of human behaviour in organisational settings. It studies how individuals and groups behave, interact, and perform within an organisation.
Nature of Organizational Behaviour
- Applied Science: Its knowledge is used to solve real organisational problems.rfectly rational decisions because their rationality is bounded by practical limitations. This model is more realistic than the classical economic rationality model.
- Interdisciplinary Approach: It draws knowledge from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and management.
- Humanistic: It focuses on people and their feelings, attitudes, and behaviour.
- Goal-Oriented: It aims to improve organisational effectiveness and employee satisfaction.
- Systematic Study: It uses scientific methods like observation, data collection, and analysis.
- Dynamic: Behaviour keeps changing with the environment and situations.
OB is called an interdisciplinary subject because it borrows concepts and knowledge from many other subjects.
Contributing Disciplines
- Psychology: Helps understand individual behaviour, motivation, perception, and learning.
- Sociology: Studies group behaviour, social relationships, and organisational culture.
- Anthropology: Provides knowledge about organisational culture and cross-cultural behaviour.
- Political Science: Explains power, politics, and conflict in organisations.
- Management: Applies all these concepts to improve organisational performance.
Because of its interdisciplinary nature, OB gives a complete and practical understanding of human behaviour in organisations.
The scope of Organizational Behaviour is very wide. It studies the behaviour of individuals, groups, and the impact of organisational structure to improve organisational effectiveness and efficiency.
Main Levels of Study
1. Individual Behaviour (व्यक्तिगत व्यवहार)
- Personality: Understanding personality traits helps predict how an employee will behave and perform in different situations.
- Perception: How an individual perceives his work environment influences his behaviour and relationships with others.
- Values and Attitudes: Employees’ values and attitudes affect their decisions, behaviour, and job satisfaction, which ultimately impacts organisational performance.
- Learning: It is the process by which individuals acquire knowledge and skills. It helps them adapt to new challenges.
- Motivation: Motivation theories explain the factors that drive individuals to achieve goals, increase productivity, and perform better.
2. Group Behaviour (समूह व्यवहार)
- Work Group and Group Dynamics: Studies how groups are formed, how they function, and how they influence individual behaviour and productivity.
- Conflict Dynamics: Examines how conflicts arise in groups and how they can be managed to maintain a positive work environment.
- Communication: Analyses how effective communication within groups affects decision-making, cooperation, and overall performance.
- Leadership: Studies different leadership styles and their impact on group behaviour, motivation, and organisational performance.
- Morale: Studies the collective attitude and feelings of group members and its effect on productivity, job satisfaction, and loyalty.
3. Organisational Level (संगठनात्मक स्तर)
- Organisational Climate: Reflects employees’ shared perceptions about the work environment and its impact on overall effectiveness.
- Organisational Culture: Includes core values, beliefs, and standards that shape the behaviour and decision-making of people.
- Organisational Change: Studies how organisations manage change, adapt to new situations, and promote innovation.
- Organisational Effectiveness: Evaluates how well the organisation achieves its goals through performance, productivity, and profitability.
- Organisational Development: Involves planned efforts (training, development, cultural change) to improve overall performance.
