Day 60 | RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing | 90 Days

90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

This is Day 60 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing, We will cover the whole RAS Mains 2025 with this 90-day answer writing program

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GS Answer Writing – Static and Current Electricity | Magnetism, Electro-Magnetism, Sound, and Electromagnetic Waves । Paragraph

AspectStatic ElectricityCurrent Electricity
DefinitionRefers to the build-up of electric charge on an object’s surfaceRefers to the flow of electric charge through a conductor
Materials InvolvedInsulating materials with high resistanceConductive materials with low resistance
Causes1. Contact-induced charge separation (Triboelectric effect)
2. Charge-induced charge separation(electrostatic induction)		1. Occurs when electrons move from high to low potential
2. driven by an external voltage source such as batteries, generators
Behavior of ChargesCharges remain stationary unless dischargedCharges continuously move through a circuit
ExamplesBalloon rubbed against hair, clothing stuck together after drying, lightning Electricity powering appliances Household appliances, electronics, industrial machinery
Uses
Air filters, dust-removal devices which take advantage of the charge differences between materials to remove airborne particles.		1. Electric currents create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, generators, inductors, and transformers.
2. In ordinary conductors, they cause Joule heating, which creates light in incandescent light bulbs. 
Magnetic FieldDoes not induce magnetic fieldInduces magnetic field
Measuring deviceGold leaf electroscope ammeters

Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Waves:

  1. Transverse Nature: Electric and magnetic fields in EM waves are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.
  2. Self-Sustaining Oscillations: EM waves are self-sustaining oscillations of electric and magnetic fields in free space, requiring no material medium for propagation.
  3. Electromagnetic Spectrum: It encompasses all EM waves based on frequency, wavelength, or energy.
  4. Constant Speed: EM waves travel at the speed of light, c = 3.00×10^8 m/s in a vacuum, with a lower speed in other mediums.
  5. Energy Transmission: Crucial for transmitting energy, facilitating communication, and sustaining life by enabling processes like sunlight reaching Earth.
  6. Wave-Particle Duality: Exhibits wave-like and particle-like properties according to quantum mechanics.
  7. Photons: All electromagnetic radiation is quantized into finite “bundles” of energy called photons.

  1. What is magnetic susceptibility? Define Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, and Ferromagnetic based on it.

Magnetic susceptibility (denoted χ, chi) is a measure of the extent to which a material can be magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization M (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetizing field intensity H.

M = χH

Magnetic susceptibility indicates whether a material is attracted into or repelled out of a magnetic field.

ParamagneticDiamagneticFerromagnetic
0<  χ < e small and positive –1 < χ <0small and negative χ >>1large and positive
Weakly attracted to magnetic fields. 
Magnetic moments align with the field when placed in an external magnetic field.
Weakly repelled by magnetic fields. 
Magnetic moments align opposite to the field when placed in an external magnetic field.		Exhibit strong magnetic properties. 
Retain magnetization after removal of external magnetic field. 
Spontaneous magnetic moments align parallel to each other.
Aluminum, sodium, calcium, oxygen (at STP) and copper chlorideBismuth, copper, lead, silicon, nitrogen (at STP), water and sodium chloride.Hard ferromagnets → Alnico, an alloy of iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt and coppersoft ferromagnetic materials → soft iron
  1. What are superconductors?

Superconductors are materials that show a transition to zero resistance (perfect conductivity) and perfect diamagnetism below a certain critical temperature.

  • Perfect diamagnetism : Here the field lines are completely expelled! χ = –1 .A superconductor repels a magnet and (by Newton’s third law) is repelled by the magnet. 
  • The phenomenon of perfect diamagnetism in superconductors is called the Meissner effect (used Magnetic Levitation).

Type I: mercury and lead

Type -II: LaBaCuO, BaCuO

  1. What are permanent magnets and electromagnets? Write one example of each.
  • Permanent magnets are materials that retain their magnetism even after the removal of an external magnetic field. They are typically made of ferromagnetic materials.
    • The hysteresis curve allows us to select suitable materials for permanent magnets. 
    • The material should have high retentivity, high coercivity,and high permeability.
    • Steel, alnico, cobalt steel and ticonal.
  • Electromagnets: An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into a coil.
    • Core of electromagnets are made of ferromagnetic materials which have high permeability and low retentivity. The hysteresis curve of such materials must be narrow. 
    • Ex. Soft iron
    • Electromagnets are used in electric bells, loudspeakers and telephone diaphragms. Giant electromagnets are used in cranes to lift machinery
    • The main advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be quickly changed by controlling the amount of electric current in the winding. However, unlike a permanent magnet that needs no power, an electromagnet requires a continuous supply of current to maintain the magnetic field.

Paper 4 (Comprehension part) –  Paragraph

The effects of present-day credit culture

To understand the credit culture we can say that it is the bondage which keeps united the credit method and forms the crucial foundation of credit discipline. Each bank has a credit culture which may be defined by their senior manager or it might have been conceptualized overtime informally. It can be intact or divided. It must be remembered in this regard that the credit culture is the combination of the practices, policies and experiences of the banking institution. By this the lenders are given a same compass to aid them. If the credit culture of the bank is strong it strengthens the lenders to act consistently along with the banks expectations and policies. Moreover, it allows all to march forward on the similar path.

Developing a productive credit culture within a bank is similar to nourishing a child. Therefore we must very well know what we need to do to raise a child or nurture a credit culture? In this context we should not forget the four important foundations like: Communication, Training, incentives and Leadership are necessary.

Day 60 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

Day 60 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

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