Ethics and human Values - Connect Civils

Factors	Ethics	Morality
Definition	Code that society or a group as a whole adheres to	An individual set of commitments
Impact	Define Social norms (सामाजिक मानदंडों को परिभाषित करती है )	Define Personal character (व्यक्तिगत चरित्र को परिभाषित करती है)
Locus	External (बाह्य)	Internal (आंतरिक)
Subjectivity (व्यक्तिपरक)	Less	Highly subjective
In practice	More Theoretical	More Practical
Actions 1 – A soldier kills an enemy in war	Ethical – As Society send him to kill	Immoral – Maybe immoral because he/she thinks it’s wrong
Action 2 – Doctors refuse to abort	Unethical – As medical science rules say – Save the mother first	Moral – It may be moral because he/she thinks that the fetus has the right to life

Positive science is objective and only Describes about fact, While Normative science is Subjective and opinion based. Positive science talks about what ‘is’ and normative science talks about what ‘Ought’ to be. Ex – Physics is a Positive science whereas deontology is a normative science

Importance –

Positive science	Importance of normative science
Use of gravitational principles to reach Mars, Moon, etc	Taking care of Mother Earth first Sustainable development [Environmental ethics]
Economics to maximize profit, increasing or decreasing repo rate, controlling inflation, etc	Taking care of the labour class against exploitation [Marxian ethics] Earning only legitimate amount of wealth [Artha ethics, Aprigrapga of Gandhi]
Use of IT technology for better communication	Inculcating moral values among IT users to avoid cyber threat, cyber abuse, trolling, etc The Institute for Ethical AI & Machine Learning
Biotechnology	Preventing misuse of biotechnology like experimenting on animals and a human being [Care ethics] Ex – Designer baby in China has been declared unethical
Nuclear science	Nuclear energy can either destroy a home or can lit a home [By producing electricity]. Normative science decides this
Research and development in premier tech institutes	Ethics decides where this research should head For the welfare of mankind

When core values like transparency, accountability, Temperance, Fairness, Contentment and Integrity fails, corruption is inevitavle to happen. Moreover, These values are ensured by various social elements like family, education system, religion, media, legal and judicial system and social media

Measures to uplift the core values to prevent the corruption –

Values	Measures in society
Transparency	RTI Act 2005 Technology like – AEPS (Aadhaar Enabled Payment System] GeM [Govt E Marketplace] CCTV Biometric system Social Audit – society for social audit accountability and transparency rajasthan (SSAAT) in Rajasthan Jan Soochna Portal
Accountability	Jan Sampark Portal CPGRAMS (Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System) 360 degree appraisal Institutions like like CBI, ACB, CVC, CAG, and Lokpal Whistleblower protection act 2013 Anti Corruption movement 2011-12 Following ‘स्वधर्म’ (Bhagvad Gita) Ethical Journalism
Temperance and ContentmentOne of the cardinal virtue by Plato	Inculcating teachings of Mahatma Gandhi (Aparigrah and Asteya) Maa Gridha Kasasyvidanam – Isavasyoupanishad Means, Do not be greedy for anyone’s wealth
Fairness (John Rawls)	Chankya’s Arthashastra – Fair distribution of resources Trusteeship principle – wealth and power as a trust for society, not personal enrichment
Integrity (Must have value according to Nolan committee)	Value-based education system Clear Conscience (Gandhi) Ethics in curriculum (UPSC and RPSC) Code of Ethics in civil services NEP 2020 – Focus on moral development of children, so that they never accept corruption Mission Karmyogi Honest officers/leaders as role models – Lal Bahadur Shastri APJ Abdul Kalam T N Sheshan Ashok Khemka

Intro – Values are guiding Principles, Ideologies and beliefs which steer an administrator to do justice with his/her post and caliber.

According to the 2nd ARC report, Dedication, Impartiality. Political Neutrality. Anonymity and Obligation towards the Rule of Law are essential values of an administrator. Similarly, the Nolan committee dictated Integrity, Accountability, Selflessness, Honesty, Openness, Objectivity, and Leadership as important values of an administrator.

Values	Examples
Empathy – Ability to understand the emotions ofother people and treat them accordingly	P Narhari – Worked for disabled people being DM of Indore [Panchsparsh therapy] Prashant Nair Operation Sulaimani – Free food for hungry people
Accountability – Accountability is answerability in ethics. It is the sense of being answerable for the final consequences	Lal Bahadur Shastri was the first railway minister who resigned from office following a major train accident as he felt moral responsibility Ex-ISRO Chairman Satish Dhawan accepted responsibility for Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s failure in 1979 when Dr Kalam-headed SLV-3 Mission satellite fell into the Bay of Bengal
Adaptability – The Quality of being able toadjust in new conditions	Kiran Bedi – She made herself adaptable in various roles like a traffic police officer, IG in Tihar Jail or reform in Goa
Transparency -Transparency is openness in work. A concerned stakeholder should be able to see through your work when required	Shri P Manivannan IAS officer batch 1998] has installed CCTV cameras in his office to give the public an extra eye
Integrity – Strict adherence to moral principles irrespective of place, time, and context (complete refusal to be compromised)	Satyandra Dubey (IES officer who sacrificed his life for the sake of truth)
Commitment -Quality of being dedicated to a cause	Poma Tudu – An IAS officer who walked for 2 hours to meet tribals on hill and listen their grievances
Compassion – Feeling that arises whenyou are confronted with another’s suffering andfeel motivated to relieve that suffering	J K Soni Sir – Charan Paduka Abhiyaan and Raktkosh Foundation
Courage – Ability to control fear in a difficult/dangerous situation	Mridul kacchawa IPS – Mridul along with his team sent 44 infamous Chambal dacoits and 12 notorious criminals to jail in just 11 months Dugra Shakti Nagpal – Action against sand mafia in greater Noida
Justice – Legal or philosophical parameters on which fairness is administered	Mission Kotda – Udaipur district collector Tarachand Meena for tribal development OPERATION ASMITA – By Collector Renu Jaipal to save dignity of women and daughters Jaishan Shakti – Women empowerment IAS Tina Dabi

Conclusion –

Slogan/Target –

Administrators being the steel frame of India must possess all the above-mentioned values to make India a true Vishwa Guru by 2047 (2047 तक भारत को सच्चा विश्व गुरु बनाने के लिए, भारत का स्टील फ्रेम होने के नाते प्रशासकों में उपर्युक्त सभी मूल्य होने चाहिए) The above-mentioned values in administration are the guiding light for India to enter and sustain its Amrit Kaal.

Scheme/Initiative – Recently Govt of India launched the mission Karmyogi to impart such values to administrators in India.
Link with intro – The above-mentioned administrators have truly done justice with values recommended by the 2nd ARC and Nolan committee and are true mentors for the generations to come.
Intersubject link – With the changing nature of the economy and administration, all the above-mentioned values are a must to cope with the new aspirations of citizens and new challenges in public administration.

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