International Organizations: In International Relations, international organizations provide institutional mechanisms for cooperation among countries in areas such as peace, security, trade, development, and global governance. Global and regional bodies such as the UN, G20, BRICS, SCO, SAARC, ASEAN, and BIMSTEC play a crucial role in addressing transnational challenges and shaping contemporary world affairs.
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| ASEAN | APEC | SAARC | SCO | BRICS | |
| Full Form | Association of Southeast Asian Nations | Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa |
| Est. Year | 1967 | 1989 | 1985 | 2001 | 2009 |
| HQ | Jakarta | Singapore | Kathmandu | Beijing | (NDB–Shanghai) |
| Members | 10 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia) | 21 | 8 (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan) | 9 (India, China, Russia, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) | 10+ |
| India Member | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Recent Summit | 2025 (Laos) | 2024 (Peru) | 2014 | 2025 (China) | 2025 (Brazil) |
| Extra Point | RATSTianjin troika summit | NDB |
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| BIMSTEC | IORA | OPEC | GCC | I2U2 | |
| Full Form | Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation | Indian Ocean Rim Association | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries | Gulf Cooperation Council | India-Israel-UAE-USA |
| Est. Year | 1997 | 1997 | 1960 | 1981 | 2022 |
| HQ | Dhaka | Mauritius | Vienna | Riyadh | — |
| Members | 7 (India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand) | 23 | 13 | 6 (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain) | 4 (India, Israel, UAE, USA) |
| India Member | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ |
| Recent Summit | 2024 (Thailand) | 2024 (Sri Lanka) | 2024 (Vienna) | 2024 (Qatar) | 2024 (UAE) |
| Extra Point | West Asian Quad |
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| G7 | G20 | Quad | AUKUS | Mekong-Ganga | JAI | |
| Full Form | Group of Seven | Group of Twenty | Quadrilateral Security Dialogue | Australia-UK-USA | Mekong-Ganga Cooperation | Japan-America-India |
| Est. Year | 1975 | 1999 | 2007 | 2021 | 2000 | 2017 |
| Members | 7 (USA, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan) | 20 | 4 (India, USA, Japan, Australia) | 3 (Australia, UK, USA) | 6 (India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam) | 3 (India, Japan, USA) |
| India Member | ❌ (invitee) | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Recent Summit | 2025 (Italy) | 2024 (Brazil) | 2025 (USA) | — | — | — |
| Extra Point | 3 tracks | Civilizational link | Indo-Pacific |
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| Abraham Accords | MTCR | Wassenaar | Australia Group | NSG | |
| Full Form | — | Missile Technology Control Regime | Wassenaar Arrangement | — | Nuclear Suppliers Group |
| Est. Year | 2020 | 1987 | 1996 | 1985 | 1974 |
| Purpose | Arab-Israel ties | Missile control | Arms control | Chem/Bio control | Nuclear control |
| Members | 5 (Israel, UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan) | 35 | 42 | 43 | 48 |
| India Member | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| Recent Meet | 2024 (Rome) | 2024 (Vienna) | 2024 (Paris) | 2024 (Vienna) | |
| Famous Point | US-mediated | India Joined 2016 | India Joined 2017 | India Joined 2018 | China blocks India |
