- Authored by Uddyotan Suri in 778 AD
- Subject: story of five souls going through several rebirths on their way to liberation.
- Description of social life of that time
- Mentioned about 18 native languages including maru language.
- Gora(uncle) and Badal(nephew) were the vassals of the Raval Ratansingh, king of Chittor
- When Alauddin captured Ratan Singh, Gora and Badal, with their followers, entered the fortress of Delhi disguised as Padmavati and her companions
- Fought bravely for the rescue of Rawal Ratan Singh from Alauddin Khilji.
- They were killed while fighting during the escape
- Birth & Early Life: Born on June 4, 1646, in Jodhpur to Ratnoji Tak and Roopa; married Manohar Gopi Malawat.
- Heroic Act: During the death of Maharaja Jaswant Singh (1678), she saved his son, Ajit Singh, from Aurangzeb’s forces by disguising him as her own child.
- Legacy: Gaura Dhai’s bravery is commemorated in Jodhpur’s national song, Dhusan.
- Memorials: A six-pillared Chhatri was erected in her honor in Jodhpur in 1711 AD, and the Roopa Dhai Gaura Dhai Baori (stepwell) is named after her.
Maharana Kumbha was not only brave (Hindu surtan), and adept in warfare (rajguru,halguru,chapguru) but also a patron of scholars and artisans (Abhinav Bhattacharya).
Political achievements:
- He was called Hindu Surtran because he was supreme among all Rajputana rulers.
- He was called Chhapguru(expert in guerilla warfare), and Haalguru(lord of hill forts).
- The Treaty of Awal-Bawal(1453) shows his diplomatic skills.
- The sultan of Delhi and the sultan of Gujrat gave him the title of Hindu surtan.
- He got 32 forts constructed among the 84 forts of Mewar according to poet Shyamaldas.i.e., Sirohi Fort (safeguards of western frontier),Machan fort (security from Mer).
Cultural achievements:
- Rana Kumbha is called the ‘father of Rajasthan architecture.’
- The architecture of temples has great importance in the architecture of Kumbha period Eg. Kumbhaswamy and Shringarachauri temples (Chittor), Meera temple (Eklingji), Ranakpur temple.
- It is known from Ekalingamahatmya that he was very adept in Vedas, Smriti, Mimamsa, Upanishads, grammar, politics and literature.
- Sangeetraj, Sangeetmimansa and Soodprabandh were the music books written by him.
- His title Abhinav Bharatacharya (adept in the art of music) proves that he was a great musician himself.
(5M h, jo fact yaad rhe kr dena 3-4 b likh doge to chal jayega)
Foreign origin theories
- Descendents of Sakas, Kushanas, Hunas – Dr. VA Smith, Col. James Todd, William Crooks – Rajputs are descendents of the races like Sakas, Kushanas, Hunas etc
- Descendants of Yu-Chi (Kushan) Race – By Cunningham – on the basis of Brochgurjar copper plate
Indigenous Origin theories
- Agnikund Theory – Muhnot Nainsi & SuryamalMishran – Rajputs were the result of Yagya performed by Rishi Vashistha at “Guru Shikhar”.
- Kashtriya theory – C.V Vaidya – Rajputs are descendents of the mythological Khatriya Heroes like Rama.
- Mixed Origin – Dr. DP Chatterjee – Rajput is a mixed race, Some of them were descendents of the Aryans while others were from the foreign races such as Hunas, Sakas etc.
- Brahmanical origin – Dr. Bhandarkar, Gopinath Sharma – Bijolia Inscription (Chauhans are Vatsa gotra Brahman).
