This is Day 52 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing, We will cover the whole RAS Mains 2025 with this 90-day answer writing program
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GS Answer Writing – Genetics and Lifestyle Diseases । Human diseases – Communicable and Non-communicable । Precise
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to inadequate insulin production, impaired insulin function, or both.
| Condition | Blood Glucose Levels |
| Normal Person | 70-99 mg/dL (fasting) |
| <140 mg/dL (2 hours after meal) | |
| Person with Diabetes | >126 mg/dL (fasting) |
| >200 mg/dL (random, with symptoms) |
| Aspect | Communicable Diseases | Non-Communicable Diseases |
| Definition | Diseases caused by infectious agents or pathogens | Diseases not caused by infectious agents |
| Transmission | Spread from person to person or through vectors | Not spread from person to person |
| Examples | Influenza, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 | Diabetes, Cancer, Heart Disease, Asthma |
| Prevention | Vaccination, hygiene practices, quarantine measures | Healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, diet control |
| Treatment | Antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, isolation | Medication, surgery, lifestyle modifications |
| Impact on Population | Can lead to epidemics or pandemics, affects large populations | Generally affect individuals or smaller groups |
| Global Health Concern | Major focus of public health initiatives | Increasing concern due to lifestyle changes and aging populations |
Lifestyle diseases are health conditions that are primarily caused by unhealthy lifestyle choices and habits. The silent epidemic of lifestyle diseases is fuelled by common behavioral risk factors — unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, the use of tobacco and alcohol — which are all on the rise in India.
- Some common examples of lifestyle diseases include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and chronic respiratory conditions.
Reasons for the rise of lifestyle diseases:
- Unhealthy Diet: High consumption of ultra processed foods, sugary beverages, saturated fats, and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and prolonged periods of sitting or inactivity ⇒ recent lifestyle changes : use of OTT, social media
- Tobacco Use: lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders.
- Excessive Alcohol Intake:liver disease, cardiovascular problems, certain cancers, and other health issues.
- Stress: Chronic stress and inadequate stress management can trigger unhealthy behaviors such as overeating, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption.
Characteristics of lifestyle diseases:
- Non contagious origin
- Chronic Nature: typically develop gradually over time and persist for an extended period, often requiring long-term management and treatment.
- Preventable: through lifestyle modifications, including adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, and managing stress effectively.
- Multifactorial Causes: Lifestyle diseases result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, making them complex and multifactorial in nature.
- Impact on Quality of Life: by reducing mobility, causing pain and discomfort, and increasing the risk of disability and premature death.
Efforts taken by governments:
- National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD)
- 75/25 initiative, aimed at screening and providing standard of care for 75 million individuals with hypertension and diabetes by 2025.
- COTPA act, 2003 to regulate the use of tobacco products
- For prevention, control and screening for common NCDs i.e., diabetes, hypertension and common cancers has been rolled out in the country under NHM and also as a part of Comprehensive Primary Health Care
- Preventive aspect of NCDs has been strengthened through Ayushman Bharat Health Wellness Centre scheme
- FSSAI role in promoting Healthy eating ⇒ Eat right campaign, capped the amount of trans fatty acids (TFA) in oils and fats to 2% , restriction on reusing of cooking oil (RUCO), voluntary labeling “Trans fat logo”
- Fit India movement is implemented by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
- Various Yoga related activities are carried out by the Ministry of AYUSH.
- Diversification of Diet : Promotion of Millets as Shree Anna
- As per the National Health Policy (2017), the target for non-communicable diseases is to reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 25% by 2025.
Ultimately, addressing lifestyle diseases requires a collective effort involving individuals, communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders
Paper 4 (Comprehension part) – Precise
PRECIS
‘The hobby of map reading
Or
“The Enigmatic Fascination of Maps“
The popularity of hobbies is a subjective matter, and the love of maps remains an intriguing example. People are divided into those who find fascination within an atlas and those who see it merely as a reference book. Travel experiences do not solely determine this preference, as some well-travelled individuals hardly consult maps, while others who rarely leave their vicinity take great pleasure in map study. This affinity for maps seems to be a matter of imagination, as genuine map enthusiasts are transported to distant places or landscapes through their maps, providing a source of recreation and delight. (88 words)
Day 52 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
Day 52 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
