In Rajasthan Geography, Rajasthan, India’s largest state by area, is located in the northwestern region, sharing borders with Pakistan and five Indian states. Its irregular quadrilateral shape, extending from the Thar Desert in Jaisalmer to the Aravalli hills in Udaipur, defines its vast geographical expanse.
Area of Rajasthan
Geological History
- Division of Pangea:
- The supercontinent Pangea split into two parts:
- Angara Land (Northern part).
- Gondwanaland (Southern part).
- The Tethys Sea, a geosyncline, existed between these two parts.
- The supercontinent Pangea split into two parts:
- Rajasthan’s Geological Features:
- India, including Rajasthan, has no remains of Angara Land.
- Tethys Sea:
- The north-western desert area and eastern plains of Rajasthan are remnants of the Tethys Sea.
- Gondwanaland:
- The Aravalli Mountain Range and Hadoti Plateau are geological remains of Gondwanaland.
Location (position) of Rajasthan
Location (Position) of Rajasthan
- Global Location:
- Rajasthan is situated in the Northern Hemisphere by latitude and in the Eastern Hemisphere by longitude.
- India’s Context:
- Rajasthan lies in the north-western part of India.
Extension of Rajasthan
Extension of Rajasthan
- South to North (Latitudinal Extension):
- Range: 23°03’ N (Borkunda, Banswara) to 30°12’ N (Kona Village, Sri Ganganagar).
- Span: 7°9’.
- Distance: 826 km.
- West to East (Longitudinal Extension):
- Range: 69°30’ E (Katra Village, Jaisalmer) to 78°17’ E (Silana Village, Dholpur).
- Span: 8°47’.
- Distance: 869 km.
Tropic of Cancer
- The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’ N Latitude) passes through Rajasthan:
- Covers 25 km in Banswara district and 1 km in Dungarpur district.
Additional Facts
- Tropic of Cancer in India: Passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Boundary of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan has a total land boundary of 5920 km, of which 1070 km is international border and 4850 km is inter state border
International Boundary
- Rajasthan shares an international border with neighbouring country Pakistan known as Red Cliff line, which is a superimposed boundary.
- Red Cliff line is of total length 3310 km and touches three states of India (Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Punjab ) and two union territories (Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh)
- Four districts of Rajasthan lie on the Redcliffe line. they are Ganganagar, Bikaner(168 km), Jaisalmer (464 km), and Barmer (from North to South)
- According to the new administrative setup Falodi district also shares a border with Pakistan.
- Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khanpur districts of Punjab province and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Sanghar, Umarkot and Tharparkar districts of Sindh province of Pakistan lie on indo -pak border.
Inter state Boundary
- 4850 km of interstate boundary of Rajasthan is shared with five states-
- Punjab (89 km) – 2 Districts – Shri Ganganagar (Longest border), Hanumangarh (Shortest border)
- Haryana (1262 km) 7 Districts – Hanumangarh (Longest border), Churu, Jhunjhunu, Kotputli-Behror, Khairthal-Tijara, Alwar, Deeg
- Uttar Pradesh (877 km) – 3 Districts – Deeg, Bharatpur, Dholpur
- Madhya Pradesh (1600 km) – 10 Districts – Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Kota, Baran, Jhalawar (Longest border 520 km), Bhilwara (Shortest border 16 km), Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Banswara
- Gujarat (1022 km) – 5 Districts – Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur (Longest border), Sirohi, Barmer (Shortest border 14 km)
- The district with the longest interstate border in Rajasthan – Jhalawar (520 km)
- The district with the shortest interstate border in Rajasthan – Barmer (14 km)
- Total border districts in Rajasthan (any type of border) – 28 districts
- Total districts sharing an interstate border in Rajasthan – 25 districts
- Total districts sharing only an interstate border in Rajasthan – 23 districts
- Interior/Inland districts of Rajasthan (which do not touch any state or national border) – 13 districts
- List of Interior Districts:
Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk, Bundi, Ajmer, Beawar, Didwana-Kuchaman, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Balotra, Pali, Rajsamand, and Salumber.
Shape of Rajasthan
According to T.H. Handley the shape of Rajasthan is Rhombus like (kite shaped)
| Historic name | Present area |
| Jangal desh | Bikaner,Nagour ,Deewana Kuchaman, Jodhpur, Jodhpur and Phalodi |
| Youddhay | Hanumangarh, Ganganagar |
| Girwa | Area around Udaipur covered with semicircular hills |
| Godwad | South East Barmer, Balotra, Jalor, and western sirohi |
| Rathi/Ahirwati | Kotputli Behror |
| Upparmaal | Plateau region of Bhilwara and Chittorgarh |
| Kanthal | Pratapgarh and nearby area |
| Shekhawati | Churu, Sikar, and Jhunjhunu |
| Merwara | Ajmer (Todgadh) Beawar Rajamand(Diwer) |
| Dundhad | The area near the Dhund River, flowing close to modern Jaipur, is known as Dhundhar.Included regions – Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk |
| Wagad | Banswara, Pratapgarh,Dungarpur |
| Chandravati/Aburda | Sirohi, Abu Rd |
| Marwad/Maruwar | Jodhpur |
| Mewat | Alwar ,Khairthal Tijara ,Deeg |
| Toravati | Catchment area of Kanthali River in Shekhawati Region |
| Bangar | Sikar Nimkathana Jhunjhunu |
| Bhorat | Udaipur (Gogunda) Rajsamand(Kumbhalgarh) |
| Khairad Malkherad | Shahpura (Jahajpur)Tonk |
| Matsya region | Jaipur, Kotputli Behror, Alwar ,Khairthal Tijara, Karauli, Dholpur , Deeg, Bharatpur |
| Shivi/Medpat/Mewar | Udaipur, Bhilwara ,Chittorgarh |
| Maal region | Southeastern Plateau region |
| Malani | Barmer, Jalore |
| Desharo | Evergreen region between Jarga and Raga Hills of Udaipur |
| Hadoti | Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar |
| Dang region | Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur |
| Bhomat | Dungarpur, East Sirohi, Udaipur, Salumbar |
| Thali | Bikaner, Churu, South Ganganagar |
Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension / Rajasthan: shape location and extension /
