This is Day 46 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing, We will cover the whole RAS Mains 2025 with this 90-day answer writing program
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GS Answer Writing – Role of Government in economic activities. Private, Public, and Merit Goods | Social Sector – poverty, unemployment, and inequality. Healthcare and Education Policy. | Problem of regulatory effectiveness. Redefining the Role of the State in Economic Development and an Employment-oriented Growth Strategy । Letter and Report
(OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Method of Calculation of the Multidimensional Poverty Index –
- The MPI assesses poverty through three dimensions: Health, Education, and Living Standards
- Each dimension is equally weighted at one-third [1/3rd]
- Each dimension is further divided into specific indicators as follows –
SDG goal 3 calls upon states to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. In line with this, India has implemented various initiatives aimed at ensuring quality and affordable healthcare accessible to all its citizens.
Major schemes –
| Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) World’s largest health assurance scheme. ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care. Now extended to all citizens aged 70 years and above (Budget 2024–25). | Janani Suraksha Yojana – To reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among poor pregnant women | Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana – partial wage compensation to women for wage-loss during childbirth and childcare |
| Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) – For Zero preventable maternal and newborn death | e-Sanjeevani OPD – National Telemedicine Service of India is a step towards digital health equity to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) eSanjeevani Telemedicine Platform:Over 31 crore consultations.Facilitates doctor-to-patient and doctor-to-doctor services, especially in rural areas. | Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully (SAANS) – Launched in November 2019 to reduce childhood pneumonia deaths |
| Ayushman Arogya Mandirs:Over 1.75 lakh Health and Wellness Centres. Offer free diagnostics, medicines, maternal and child health services, and NCD screenings. | Maternity Benefits Act – 6 months paid maternity leave | Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana – To improve the health of women and children by providing them with clean cooking fuel, LPG, instead of smoky fuels or firewood |
| Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme – Strengthening of District Hospitals by providing affordable dialysis services | Ayushman Bharat – Health and Wellness Centres – Name changed to ‘Ayushman Arogya Mandir’ with the tag-line ‘Arogyam Parmam Dhanam’The creation of 1.5 Lakh Health & Wellness Centres | Jan Aushadhi Scheme:Promotes low-cost generic medicines through 14,000+ Jan Aushadhi Kendras. |
| POSHAN Abhiyaan – To reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia (among young children, women and adolescent girls) and reduce low birth weight by 2%, 2%, 3% and 2% per annum respectively. | Anemia Mukt Bharat Strategy – To reduce anaemia among six beneficiaries age group – children (6-59 months), children (5-9 years), adolescents (10-19 years), pregnant and lactating women and in women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) | COVID-19 Vaccination Programme – To include all persons aged 12 years and above and for the precautionary dose for all persons aged 18 years and above |
| Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission – The backbone necessary to support the integrated digital health infrastructure of the country | Ayushman Bharat – Health Infrastructure Mission –Launched in 2021 to strengthen critical health infrastructure. Focus on all all levels viz. primary, secondary and tertiary and on preparing health systems in responding effectively to the current and future pandemics/disasters. | Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021 – |
| National Health Policy 2017 | Mental Healthcare Act 2017 | National Strategic Plan for TB Elimination 2017 |
| HIV and AIDS (Prevention & Control) Act 2017 | Mission Indradhanush 2014 | Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram 2014 |
| Swachh Bharat Abhiyan 2014 | Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan 2022 to end TB by 2025 | National Tele Mental Health Programme (Tele MANAS) |
| National Deworming Day | Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP):Immunisation against 11 diseasesAchieved 93.5% immunisation coverage in FY24. |
Improvements in overall health –
- Total fertility rate (children per woman) decreased from 2.2 (NFHS-4) to 2.0 (NFHS-5)
- Health Insurance Coverage increased from 28.7% (NFHS-4) to 41.0% (NFHS-5)
- Institutional births increased from 78.9% (NFHS-4) to 88.6% (NFHS-5)
- Infant mortality rate decreased from 40.7% (NFHS-4) to 35.2% (NFHS-5)
- Children under 5 years who are stunted (height-for-age) decreased from 38.4% (NFHS-4) to 35.5% (NFHS-5)
- Children under 5 years who are wasted (weight-for-height) decreased from 21.0% (NFHS-4) to 19.3% (NFHS-5)
- Government Health Expenditure (GHE) has risen to 48% of Total Health Expenditure, reducing dependence on out-of-pocket payments.
- Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) dropped from 62.6% in FY15 to 39.4% in FY22, reflecting financial protection for citizens.
- AI and tech integration (e.g., silicosis screening in Rajasthan, drone-based medicine delivery in NE India) enhanced last-mile care.
In conclusion, prioritizing quality healthcare is paramount for leveraging India’s demographic dividend and advancing the nation’s progress during the next 25 years of Amrit Kaal.
Paper 4 (Comprehension part) – Translation
Day 46 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
Day 46 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing
