Day 50 | RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing | 90 Days

90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

This is Day 50 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing, We will cover the whole RAS Mains 2025 with this 90-day answer writing program

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GS Answer Writing – Control and Coordination, Reproductive, Excretory, Respiratory, Circulatory and Digestive systems in Human beings । Translation

Haemoglobin acts as a carrier molecule for both oxygen and carbon dioxide, facilitating their transport between the lungs and various tissues and organs in the body.

  • Transport of Oxygen: Oxygen binds reversibly to haemoglobin in the blood, forming oxyhemoglobin. It binds to haemoglobin in the lungs and dissociates in the tissues.
  • Transport of Carbon Dioxide: In addition to oxygen, hemoglobin also carries about 20-25% of carbon dioxide as carbaminohemoglobin. Carbon dioxide dissociates from carbaminohemoglobin formed in the tissues and is released in the alveoli

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are small, simple molecules with diverse chemical compositions that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. These regulators can be broadly divided into two groups based on their functions within a living plant body.

Growth PromotersGrowth Inhibitors
Stimulate growth-promoting activities such as cell division, enlargement, pattern formation, and flowering.Regulate responses to wounds and stresses, and inhibit growth activities such as dormancy and abscission.
Auxins promote cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominanceNatural -Indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) , indole butyric acid (IBA)Synthetic – NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic)

Gibberellins stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering in plants.e.g., Gibberellic acid pGA3) – 

Cytokinins regulate cell division, lateral shoot initiation, and delay senescencee.g., Zeatin		Abscisic Acid (ABA) regulating seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and responses to environmental stresses such as drought and salinity.Example: Abscisic acid (ABA) is naturally synthesized in plants in response to stress

Ethylene a gaseous hormone that regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence Used both as promoter and inhibitor e.g., Ethephon

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. It consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule 

Urine formation and waste excretion:

  • Filtration : afferent arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus, where filtration occurs, allowing small molecules and ions to pass into the Bowman’s capsule.
  • Reabsorption: Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) reabsorbs most filtered water, ions, and essential nutrients back into the bloodstream. Descending limb of the Loop of Henle allows passive water reabsorption, while the ascending limb actively pumps out sodium and chloride ions.
  • Secretion: Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) secretes additional ions such as potassium and hydrogen ions into the tubule lumen, regulating ion balance and pH.
  • Adjustment and Concentration: The collecting duct receives urine from multiple nephrons and adjusts its final composition based on the body’s hydration status and electrolyte balance.

Main functions of the liver:

The liver is the largest gland located in the upper right part of the abdomen, just beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach.Given its crucial role in various physiological processes, the liver is Often described as the body’s chemical factory. 

Functions:

  1. Metabolism: carbohydrate metabolism (glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis), lipid metabolism (synthesis and breakdown of fats), and protein metabolism (synthesis of plasma proteins, conversion of ammonia to urea).
  2. Detoxification: The liver removes toxins, drugs, and harmful substances from the bloodstream, making them less harmful and easier to excrete.
  3. Synthesis: It synthesizes important proteins such as albumin, which helps maintain osmotic pressure in the blood, and clotting factors, which are essential for blood coagulation.
  4. Storage: The liver stores vitamins (such as A, D, E, K, and B12), minerals (such as iron and copper), and glycogen, which serves as a readily available source of glucose.
  5. Bile production: The liver produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
  6. Immune function: contains specialized immune cells called Kupffer cells, which help remove pathogens, bacteria, and foreign particles from the bloodstream.
  7. Regulation of Blood Glucose: by balancing the processes of glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose), gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources), and glycogenesis (storage of excess glucose as glycogen). It responds to hormonal signals, such as insulin and glucagon, to regulate blood sugar levels.
  8. Regulation of cholesterol and hormones: The liver regulates cholesterol levels and metabolizes hormones, helping to maintain hormonal balance in the body.
  9. Blood filtration: The liver filters and processes blood from the digestive system before it is distributed to the rest of the body.

Forms blood in embryo

Paper 4 (Comprehension part) –  Translation

ANS 

 Home and College: Sanctuaries of Growth

Home shelters the young who are weak and unexperienced and unable to face the temptations in life. It is a centre of their elementary education and a nursery of sweet affections and pleasant memories. Its magic lasts for ever. A weary mind turn to it for rest. Such is the function of a home and in some measure of the university.

Day 50 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

Day 50 | 90 Days RAS Mains 2025 Answer Writing

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