Mughal Emperor Akbar besieged Ranthambore Fort but failed due to Rajput rebellions in Gwalior.
Background:
Akbar succeeded Humayun on 14 February 1556 and was proclaimed Shahanshah but his general Bairam Khan ruled on his behalf until he came of age. He soon turned his attention towards Rajputana and Raja Bharmul of Amber enrolled himself and his son Bhagwandas amongst the vassals of Akbar.
Battle of Harmada (1557) further divided the rajput power and the region of Rajasthan was divided into two hostile camps comprising Haji Khan and Marwar on the one side and Me war alongwith about ten local chiefs including Rao Durga Sisodia on the other side.
Determined to take advantage of the internal dissension among Rajputs, Mughal forces were dispatched under Qasim Khan to capture Ajmer and Jaitaran.
Failed Seige of Ranthambore:
Having occupied Ajmer, Akbar set our against the castle of Ranthambore. He sent an expedition under Qasim Khan against Rao Surjan Hada of Ranthambhore an ally of Rana Udai Singh. The Mughal army laid siege to the the fort of Ranthambore, however, there was a rebellion in Gwalior and Akbar had to abandon the siege to take care of it.
Consequences:
The seige of 1558 failed but Akbar captured Gwalior, Lucknow and Jaunpur. It was only a matter of time before Akbar laid out his plans for Rajputana.
