{"id":164788,"date":"2026-05-07T18:03:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T12:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=164788"},"modified":"2026-05-09T10:10:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T04:40:59","slug":"revolt-of-1857-in-india","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/modern-indian-history\/revolt-of-1857-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/modern-indian-history\/\">\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164788_654828-03 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c911cf50e1f652c2dc22fd56d0ef39ff\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 &#8211;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u092e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u094b\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924; \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0926\u0916\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e; \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u0938\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u2192 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164788_e5879a-43{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_e5879a-43 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_e5879a-43 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_e5879a-43 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164788_e5879a-43 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164788_e5879a-43\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_549c0b-6a\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_a4de6d-61\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_126189-a1\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_516f3d-0d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \/ \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_c2aa3b-79\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_19c914-f7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0938\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0940-\u092b\u0915\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (1763\u20131800)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_8f5cb6-63\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u091c\u0928\u0942\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u0915,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0927\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_aca334-38\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0902\u0915\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0920 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_0e4ed0-da\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_b3ec13-50\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0932\u0941 \u0925\u093e\u0902\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0923\u0915\u094b\u0930 (1808\u201309)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_4951b1-7a\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_c9088d-09\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_66c334-f6\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_7a6859-03\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939, \u0913\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093e (1817)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_f3c843-77\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_c8ba71-20\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_3ac229-8d\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_980284-3a\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (1840 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_dc4125-98\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0935\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_0df433-b7\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_0cf937-98\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_fa203d-25\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0906\u0930 (\u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0939\u0932) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (1766\u20131816)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_bcaa55-da\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_aa0a37-1c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_2a25df-78\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_c5e731-28\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0917\u0932\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_3fbb3a-f4\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u093f\u092a\u0942 (\u0915\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_e821b9-37\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939, \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_3004fa-3f\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_8aa935-db\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092b\u0930\u093e\u092f\u091c\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 (1819)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_8a6e78-e3\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0939, \u0921\u0942\u0921\u0942 \u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_b0e1fe-fd\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_ec825b-48\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_340b69-b1\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0932 \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 (1831\u201332), \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_86cf53-05\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094b \u092d\u0917\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_6d29ce-ab\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923, \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_ae2a0d-40\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_324e1c-85\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0935\u0939\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928, \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_4b4929-25\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u0926 \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926 (\u0930\u093e\u092f\u092c\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0940)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_d2ef3e-7f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0935\u0932\u0940\u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e; \u092a\u0948\u0917\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u201c\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e\u201d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940; \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u091c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (1849 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_7ad862-45\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_373ecd-e0\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0915\u0942\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 (\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928) (1840)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_3c8f5e-25\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0917\u0924 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0932; \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u092c\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_fb64bf-a8\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0916 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_ff1e86-8f\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_324019-7e\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0932\u092c\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_d19cee-fa\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0942 \u092e\u0940\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_e1ac56-ae\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0926\u093e\u0922\u093c\u0940-\u0915\u0930) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094b (\u0928\u0940\u0932) \u092c\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939; \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_c8194e-23\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_6e5de4-bc\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0939\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (1820\u201337)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_d95add-d7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_da2d20-74\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0928\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_1571e7-79\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_16a41c-56\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0925\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (\u0939\u0942\u0932) (1855\u201356)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_7266c5-b2\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0927\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0942 \u092e\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_da5a55-98\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1832\u201333 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928-\u090f-\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0925\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u2018\u0939\u0932\u2019 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0925\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_b9d357-09\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_4500dd-6c\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0938\u0940 (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901) (1822\u20131840 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_4c7a55-77\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0908\u0915<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_f4bda7-92\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.<strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u2013\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928 \u0911\u092b\u093c \u0932\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 &#8211; \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.<strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0938\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\/\u092e\u0938\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e; \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (1850) \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938, \u0905\u0926\u093e\u0932\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e; \u201c\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e\u201d\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5.\u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c\u0930\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u0930; \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092b\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f (1856) \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 &#8211; \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 (\u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e) \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0947 &#8211; \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 (1764, 1806, 1825 \u0906\u0926\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.<strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0942\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0905\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164788_92ca62-81{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_92ca62-81 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_92ca62-81 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_92ca62-81 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164788_92ca62-81 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164788_92ca62-81\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_d3d2f3-2f\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_c8049f-3f\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 <\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_f2c66c-81\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 <\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_e2fc71-06\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 <\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_262113-59\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_25c272-24\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">29 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1857<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_0dc28d-f4\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_6a3ef2-10\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0948\u0930\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964 (34 N.I.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_673f92-60\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_e58213-5d\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">24 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1857<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_1d50a6-84\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_aa72a2-3e\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u0948\u0935\u0947\u0932\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 90 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0942\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0916\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_e66d10-9f\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_69aabc-6f\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9 \u092e\u0908 1857<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_5fa1fb-82\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_29d8ec-d6\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>85 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_f31376-ac\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_81f3c2-b6\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10 \u092e\u0908 1857<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_ac9935-2f\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_f1fdb3-d3\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 (20 N.I.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_cc1f42-11\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_8a2949-0b\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092e\u0908 1857<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_24efe8-5b\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091a<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_ad7fd6-97\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u091c\u093c\u092b\u093c\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924 \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0928: \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928; \u092c\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0947\u092c \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e; \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0947\u0917\u092e \u0939\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0930\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942\u2013\u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0916\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902; 40,000 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 70 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902; \u0906\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u093c\u0948\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094c\u0932\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902; \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091d\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e; \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0924<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0932 \u0928\u0947 84 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e; \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0930\u0916\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u091c\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0916\u093c\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0924\u092b\u093c\u091c\u093c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0932 \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u0938\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0908<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0926\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0938\u094c\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0939\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0941\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0942\u0901 (\u092b\u093f\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-1024x679.png\" alt=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\" class=\"wp-image-164791\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-1024x679.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-1536x1018.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1-600x398.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image33-1.png 1774w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u2013<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930: \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e: \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 (\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0939\u094b\u0932\u0915\u0930, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927, \u092a\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0932\u093e) \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\/\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0925\u0947; \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u092b\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0930.\u0938\u0940. \u092e\u091c\u0942\u092e\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u2014 \u201c\u0928 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e, \u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940.\u0921\u0940. \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0915\u0930 (\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923): \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u2014 &#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u2014 \u201c\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u0940.\u0906\u0930. \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u2014 \u201c\u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u2014 &#8220;\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0936&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930 \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u0935\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0949. \u090f\u0938.\u090f\u0928. \u0938\u0947\u0928 \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 <em>\u2018Eighteen Fifty-Seven\u2019<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0932.\u0908.\u0906\u0930. \u0930\u0940\u0938 \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0938.\u092c\u0940. \u091a\u094c\u0927\u0930\u0940 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (20 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 1857); \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0921\u0938\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0917\u093c\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0902\u0917\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 1862)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (\u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1857); \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0947\u092c \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u090f\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a \u2013 \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0935\u0932\u0949\u0915, \u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u092a\u092c\u0947\u0932<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091d\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0908 (1858); \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 (1859)\u0964 (\u0938\u0930 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u094b\u091c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u2013 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0932<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u2013<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (1858): \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924; \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e; \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (1 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 1858):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908; \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0942\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0932\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f: \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201c\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u201d \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 (\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0902; \u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0930\u0935\u0948\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICS \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f 1861 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1857 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u091c\u0932\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0917\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0915\u093e \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2013\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u091a\u093f\u0928\u0939\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 1857 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a \u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u092a\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0930-\u0907\u0928-\u091a\u0940\u092b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0948\u0935\u0932\u0949\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164788_30aa29-b0{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_30aa29-b0 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_30aa29-b0 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164788_30aa29-b0 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164788_30aa29-b0 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164788_30aa29-b0\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_0ec234-31\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_4774e0-64\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_fd46d3-47\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_7a890b-58\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \/ \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_a92dcc-92\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \/ \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_9d535f-cc\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_f8f955-b7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939, 1890 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 (\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u092d\u0942\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_3b08f5-e8\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092c\u093f\u0930\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_84aeba-da\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0932\u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0928 (\u2018\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u2019) \u0921\u093f\u0915\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u0964 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0926\u0916\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_884685-9c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1903 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0916\u0902\u091f\u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f) \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_a4dec8-76\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_030627-37\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 (\u0913\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0917\u092a\u0941\u0930) (1914\u20131920)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_43fd0c-d0\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u091c\u0924\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0917\u0924, \u092c\u0932\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092d\u0917\u0924<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_2f6d78-96\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_a7266f-9d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164788_00b962-7c\">\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_558b39-37\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 (1916, 1922\u201324; \u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_ff3684-67\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0905\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942 (\u2018\u092e\u0923\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0941\u0921\u0941\u2019)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_05fa30-ad\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u2018\u092a\u094b\u0921\u0942\u2019 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924, 1882 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u092e\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td  class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164788_ead658-7f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2018\u092e\u0923\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u2019 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"parent":27092,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-164788","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930, \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0925\u093e 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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