{"id":164147,"date":"2026-04-27T18:20:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T12:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=164147"},"modified":"2026-04-27T18:34:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T13:04:03","slug":"post-mauryan-period","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/post-mauryan-period\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932: <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0935 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2\u0935\u0940\u0902 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.kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164147_969ea1-4b .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6f6d5257a33ccef72f966c36fd90bf8a\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 185 \u0908.\u092a\u0942. \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (200 \u0908.\u092a\u0942. \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092d\u0935 \u0924\u0915) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f 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\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0935 \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938, \u0906\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0926\u094b \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0925\u093e, \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (\u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947)-<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0925\u0947 &#8211; \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902<strong> \u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 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\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u092a \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u090f \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f-&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928, \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u0901\u0924 \u092e\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925 <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 166 \u0908.\u092a\u0942. \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 -\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u0901\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e 30 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0942\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f &#8211; <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902-\u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-641e7b822fa38e0aeef041721558bb1d\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u0902\u0936:<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u0923\u094d\u0935, \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923, \u0936\u0915<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u2013\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u0902\u0936: <\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0941, \u0906\u092d\u0940\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u090f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Indo-Greek, Shaka, Kushan) \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u090f \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u094b\u0902 (guilds) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0928,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0902\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 (\u0917\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0947) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 (\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a (\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0941,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902\u0921\u093e,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0917\u092f\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0947\u091f,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0918\u0902\u091f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0942\u0930\u0942\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e\u0930\u092e\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a : \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 : <\/strong>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 200 \u0908.\u092a\u0942., \u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 (\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f :<\/strong> \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u091f \u092a\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a : <\/strong>\u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 90 &#8211; 100 \u092b\u0940\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e\u0930\u092e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0925, \u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u094b\u091c : <\/strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0940 (1797 \u0908.) \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162767\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-600x337.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46.png 1821w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 4 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>200 \u0908.\u092a\u0942.\u2013100 \u0908. : <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0935\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0936\u0941, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>100\u2013150 \u0908. : <\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915; \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>150\u2013200 \u0908. : <\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0930\u092e; \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>200\u2013250 \u0908. : <\/strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901; \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f; \u0905\u0932\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e-1 : \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 : <\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0940 (\u092d\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 50 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940); \u092f\u0942\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0927\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 : <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a 1, 2, 3; \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162769\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1.png 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e : <\/strong>\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0908\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930, \u0935\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926 : <\/strong>\u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 54 \u092b\u0940\u091f, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 120 \u092b\u0940\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0925 : <\/strong>\u0926\u094b\u2014\u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 :<\/strong> 4 \u0924\u094b\u0930\u0923 (1st century BCE)\u0964 \u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0936\u0947\u0930, \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0915\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 : <\/strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u092a\u0926\u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928, \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e : <\/strong>\u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940\/\u092c\u094c\u0928\u0947; \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915, \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0935-\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u2014<\/strong>\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0948\u0924\u094d\u092f\u2014<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937; \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932-\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091b\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0923, \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930-\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0935 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0948\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0949\u0932<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e : 29 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 (25 \u0935\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 + 4 \u091a\u0948\u0924\u094d\u092f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0909\u0926\u092f\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f \u0935 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0917\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u0913\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093e)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 :<\/strong> \u092d\u0941\u0935\u0928\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932 : <\/strong>1st\u20132nd century BCE, \u0915\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f : <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 + \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f : <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u092f\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f \u2013 18 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0917\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u2013 15 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092b\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0916 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f);<\/strong> \u0916\u093e\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935 &#8220;\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0928\u092e\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092b\u093e : <\/strong>\u0926\u094b-\u092e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906 &#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (1st CE onwards)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928), \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e, \u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0917\u0940\/\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 (\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0935 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923: <\/strong>\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915, \u092f\u0935\u0928, \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0935\u0930, \u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c; \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u2013\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0928 + \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e + \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u0928 + \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u092a\u093f\u0936\u093e, \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940, \u0936\u093e\u0939\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0922\u0947\u0930\u0940, \u092c\u0947\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f:<\/strong> 50 BCE \u2013 500 CE, \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u2014\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915: \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0947-\u0927\u0942\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940: \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928: <\/strong>\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094b\u0932\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f (\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0928, \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201c\u0907\u0902\u0921\u094b-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u201d \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0918\u0941\u0901\u0918\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u094b\u0932, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0940\/\u092e\u0942\u0901\u091b\u2014\u0905\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908; \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u2014\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u0940, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u0932\u0935\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f (\u0915\u092e\u0932), \u092e\u0902\u091c\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915), \u092e\u0948\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f (\u0938\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940: \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f, \u091a\u0942\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930, \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0917-\u0938\u094c\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0935, \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0906\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0941\u0916 (\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e), \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090b\u0937\u093f \u091f\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"1012\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162742\" style=\"width:auto;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105.png 442w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-131x300.png 131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090b\u0937\u093f \u091f\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image91.png\" alt=\"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-162744\" style=\"width:auto;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image91.png 346w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image91-190x300.png 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932: \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (50\u2013300 CE)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930: \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924; \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940: \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941, \u0936\u093f\u0935, \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0947\u092f)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930, \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u0928; \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0925\u0947\u0932\u0940\/\u0924\u0932\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0935 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947\/\u092a\u0948\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u093e \u0922\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0917\u094b\u0932, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0928; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935 \u0906\u0938\u0928\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941: <\/strong>\u0936\u0902\u0916\u2013\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u2013\u0917\u0926\u093e\u2013\u0905\u092d\u092f; \u0928\u0943\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0935\u0930\u093e\u0939, \u0936\u0947\u0937\u0936\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a; \u0905\u0937\u094d\u091f\u092d\u0941\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0935: <\/strong>\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u090f\u0915\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940, \u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940), \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u0928\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0905\u0932\u094c\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>\u2014\u0926\u093f\u0917\u0902\u092c\u0930, \u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>\u2014\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916:<\/strong> \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0926\u0947\u0935, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0925, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u2013\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u2014\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0926\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0942\u0924\u0947, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0932\u0935\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2nd\u20134th CE:<\/strong> \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0935 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940; &#8216;\u0915\u091f\u0930\u093e \u091f\u0940\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927&#8217; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>5th\u20136th CE: <\/strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image26.png\" alt=\"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-162746\" style=\"width:auto;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image26.png 346w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image26-213x300.png 213w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0938\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925)\u0964&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-69.png\" alt=\"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-162759\" style=\"width:auto;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-69.png 400w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-69-189x300.png 189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915: <\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902\u0921\u093e, \u0918\u0923\u094d\u091f\u0936\u093e\u0932 (\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e\u2013\u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e; \u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e\u0930\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: <\/strong>\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917, \u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0928, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0935 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928; <\/strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<br><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u2014<\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0902\u0917\u0940, \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u2014<\/strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947, \u092a\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0940\/\u092a\u091f\u0915\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a;<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0935 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0932\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0906\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0928; \u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f + \u0905\u0932\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u0930\u0939\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u2014&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917\u0915\u093e\u0932:<\/strong> 188 \u0908.\u092a\u0942.\u201330 \u0908.\u092a\u0942.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917 (\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0939\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0940, \u092d\u0930\u0939\u0942\u0924, \u092c\u094b\u0927\u0917\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0930\u0939\u0942\u0924: <\/strong>\u0938\u0924\u0928\u093e (\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u2014 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u091f\u0918\u0930\u0947, \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0902\u092d\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937, \u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940, \u0928\u093e\u0917, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0932 40 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930 (low relief) \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u0948\u0916\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0939\u093e\u0925-\u092a\u0948\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u0906\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Narrative) \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u2014\u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e\u2014\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0928 (\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"639\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image111.png\" alt=\"\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-162751\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image111.png 639w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image111-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image111-600x366.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0935 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u0923\u094d\u0935, \u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0907\u0902\u0921\u094b-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915, \u0936\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928, 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