{"id":164018,"date":"2026-04-26T21:14:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T15:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=164018"},"modified":"2026-04-28T14:13:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:43:09","slug":"emerging-technologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/emerging-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915: <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI), \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 (IoT), \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928, \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id164018_3e9038-e7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-df9ed2c734bc545e20e426ad42338b14\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 [AI \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915] \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> &#8220;\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (NITI Aayog) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> &#8220;AI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (Constellation) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947, \u092c\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Emulate) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> AI \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e (Perceiving), \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 (AI \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 AI (Narrow AI\/ Weak AI)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0940, \u090f\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0905\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f AI (General AI\/ Strong AI)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 <strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e AI<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e- \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b (\u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f-\u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 AI (Super intelligent AI)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0910\u0938\u093e \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, Ex Machina)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>IBM Deep Blue (\u0936\u0924\u0930\u0902\u091c &#8211; \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Self-<\/strong><strong>Aware AI (\u0938\u094d\u0935-\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915 AI)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935-\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e <\/strong>\u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML) <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a-\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> (Subset) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947, \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Machine Learning)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (Supervised Learning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e (Labeled data)<\/strong> (\u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f + \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> \u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 (SVM), \u0921\u093f\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940, K-\u0928\u093f\u090f\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0938 (KNN)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0948\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> ICAR \u0914\u0930 CropIn \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e <strong>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>; HDFC\/SBI \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090b\u0923 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (Unsupervised Learning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0905\u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e (Unlabeled data)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 (Clusters) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> K-\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Hierarchical Clustering), \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (PCA), \u0911\u091f\u094b\u090f\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> PMGSY (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (Reinforcement Learning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8216;\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f&#8217;<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Rewards) \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0902\u0921 (Penalties) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f&#8217; (Trial &amp; Error)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> Q-\u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0921\u0940\u092a Q-\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (DQN), \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0925\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092e\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 (PPO)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0947\u092e \u0916\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 (\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (Semi-Supervised Learning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 (Labeled) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 (Unlabeled) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 SVM, \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u0927\u094b\u0916\u093e\u0927\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (ANNs)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Explicit programming) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 2024<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (ANNs)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CNN (\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u092b\u0947\u0938 ID, \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RNN (\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>LSTM (\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0917 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 NLP \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u2192 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935<\/td><td>GPT, BERT, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GANs (\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0921\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u0940\u092a\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u2192 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 AI (Creative AI)<\/td><td>\u0921\u0940\u092a\u092b\u0947\u0915, \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0948\u0926\u0932 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092b\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940 (Facial ID), \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 (NLP):<\/strong> \u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928:<\/strong> \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AI vs ML vs DL \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (DL)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td><td>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e<\/td><td>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/td><td>\u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e, \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/td><td>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, ML, DL<\/td><td>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u094d\u0921, \u0905\u0928\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u094d\u0921, \u0930\u093f\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>CNNs, RNNs, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td><td>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 (\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e<\/td><td>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e (\u090f\u0902\u0921-\u091f\u0942-\u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0948\u092e \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/td><td>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092b-\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940\/\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>AI \u2283 ML \u2283 DL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4-1024x782.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163898\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4-1024x782.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4-768x587.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4-600x458.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image92-4.png 1274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (LLM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 (Generative AI)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0930\u0942\u092a, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e&#8217; (Unsupervised Learning)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 AI \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 AI:<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Classify)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Predict)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 <strong>\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f (Original outputs)<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 <strong>\u0935\u0947\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u090f\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 (VAEs)<\/strong>, <strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0921\u0935\u0930\u0938\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (GANs)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0911\u091f\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0935&#8217; (Autoregressive) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Generative AI \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (\u0909\u0926\u093e. GPT, BERT)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0921\u093f\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\/\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (\u0909\u0926\u093e. DALL\u00b7E, Midjourney)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092b\u0940\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 AI \u091f\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u0942\u0932 (Tool)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \/ \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ChatGPT<\/strong><\/td><td>OpenAI<\/td><td>LLM \/ \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/td><td>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936, \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bard \u2192 Gemini<\/strong><\/td><td>Google DeepMind<\/td><td>\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0921\u0932 \u090f\u0906\u0908<\/td><td>Google Search \u0935 Workspace \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932<\/td><td>\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Grok<\/strong><\/td><td>xAI (\u090f\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0915)<\/td><td>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (Twitter) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f<\/td><td>\u0939\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f + \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>LLaMA<\/strong><\/td><td>Meta<\/td><td>\u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 LLM<\/td><td>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>DeepSeek<\/strong><\/td><td>DeepSeek AI (\u091a\u0940\u0928)<\/td><td>\u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 LLM<\/td><td>\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928; \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sora<\/strong><\/td><td>OpenAI<\/td><td>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u0942-\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>DALL\u00b7E<\/strong><\/td><td>OpenAI<\/td><td>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u0942-\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GitHub Copilot<\/strong><\/td><td>GitHub + OpenAI<\/td><td>\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0906\u0908<\/td><td>\u0921\u0947\u0935\u0932\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Perplexity AI<\/strong><\/td><td>Perplexity.ai<\/td><td>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a + LLM<\/td><td>\u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c + AI \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Copilot<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f<\/td><td>\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u0915\u094b\u0921, \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/td><td>\u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Claude<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S.A.R.A.H.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928<\/strong> (WHO) \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/strong> <strong>S.A.R.A.H.<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (LLM)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (LLM)<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915<\/strong>: \u091a\u0948\u091f\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0940 (\u0913\u092a\u0928\u090f\u0906\u0908), BERT, \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 (\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932), \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0921 (\u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915), LLaMA (\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 AI \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924GPT (CoRover.ai \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e)<\/strong><\/td><td>12+ \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f, 14+ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e (\u0913\u0932\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e)<\/strong><\/td><td>2 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928+ \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924;&nbsp;<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 (\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932-\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 + IISc)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 (NLP) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>MeitY<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0964\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (NLTM) \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e;&nbsp;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a (\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f + \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u091c\u0947\u0928 BharatGen<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 <strong>LLM<\/strong> (\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a: 2024, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940)\u0964\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930-\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (<strong>NM-ICPS<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u2192 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<strong>IIT \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092e-1 (Sarvam-1)<\/strong><\/td><td>2 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u096410 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0964\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0938\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e (AI4Bharat)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 <strong>\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong>; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0939\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f 1.0 (SML)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0964<strong>35 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 (\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 90 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901)\u0964\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092eAI (Zenteiq)<\/strong><\/td><td>8B\u201380B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932; \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u092c\u0947\u0938), \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e (\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936), \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u091a (\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921) (GenLoop)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong> (2B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964\u0938\u092d\u0940 22 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (Native Reasoning)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0939\u0902\u091f\u0930 AI<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>RBI <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0927\u094b\u0916\u093e\u0927\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0916\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AI \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 <strong>10\u201311 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940, 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 (AI Governance) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0916\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u0947:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091a\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f (\u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947, 2023)<\/strong> \u2192 AI \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091a\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932 AI \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f<\/strong> (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, 2024)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939-\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0907\u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u090f\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (<strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0940 (<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u2013\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 AI \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094b\u0932\u092e\u0947\u091c \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e-\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>58 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u091a\u0940\u0928, EU \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong>: \u201c\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e; \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f AI \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Current) \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>$400 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0902\u0921<\/strong> \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 AI \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u091f\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u0924 AI \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938<\/strong>, <strong>UNEP<\/strong> (\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e), <strong>ITU \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>; 11 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 37 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u2013 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u092a\u092e, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 (\u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u092c\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MeitY), \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0909\u0925 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0936\u093f\u0916\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b (Logo):<\/strong> \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 + \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Neural flares) \u2192 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e (People):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Planet):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928-\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u090f\u0906\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f (Progress):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0924 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 (UDAAN) \u2013 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u093f\u091a \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930-2\/3 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a + \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 (YuvaAI) \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0930 (AI by HER):<\/strong> \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940:<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0920 \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0906\u0908 (IIT \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u091c\u0947\u0928&#8217;\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e &#8216;\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932&#8217; (70B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938) \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (STEM) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u0948\u092c:<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 8B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong> (\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924) + \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e &#8220;\u0913\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928&#8221; (Orion)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u091f\u0940\u0915 (Zenteiq) \u2013 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 (BrahmAI):<\/strong> \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (8B\u201380B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938) \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0942\u092a (GenLoop) \u2013 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\/\u0915\u0935\u091a:<\/strong> \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (2B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938) \u2192 \u0938\u092d\u0940 22 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 (Intellihealth)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u090f\u0906\u0908 (Shodh AI):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 7B \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 <strong>21\u0935\u093e\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (<strong>ICON-2024<\/strong>) 19-22 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2024 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u092f\u0942-\u0915\u0947\u092c\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930, <strong>\u091a\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0908<\/strong>, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 (Global Level)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918 AI \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0928\u093f\u0937\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 (GPAI)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a:<\/strong> \u091c\u0942\u0928 2020<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 (Theory-Practice Gap) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> 28 \u0926\u0947\u0936 + EU (\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u091a\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0932\u092f:<\/strong> OECD, \u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938 (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e: <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f,<strong> <\/strong>2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0940\u0921 \u091a\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e: <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (HAP)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d: 2023, <strong>G7<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 (OECD \u0935 GPAI \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924, \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0902\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u092c\u0932<strong> AI \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>India Initiatives<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (IndiaAI Mission)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a:<\/strong> 7 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u091c\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f:<\/strong> \u20b910,371.92 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094b\u0921\u0932 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MeitY) \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (DIC) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917 (IBD) &#8216;\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908&#8217; (IndiaAI)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> PPP \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 10,000+ GPU; \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938; \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u090f\u091c\u093c-\u090f-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (AI-as-a-Service)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 LMMs (\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e (AIKosha):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u0932\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Learning disabilities) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0938:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0915 (UG) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e; \u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930 2\/3 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 570 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0932\u0948\u092c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0921\u0940\u092a-\u091f\u0947\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0906\u0908 (AISI):<\/strong> &#8216;\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u2013 INDIAai<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MeitY<\/strong>, <strong>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>NIC<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>&#8216;\u0935\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u092a&#8217; \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>YUVAi (\u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e-\u090f\u0906\u0908) (AI \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NeGD (MeitY) \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 8-12 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RAISE \u0938\u092e\u093f\u091f:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u090f\u0906\u0908 (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment), \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164018_463150-65{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_463150-65 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_463150-65 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_463150-65 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164018_463150-65 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164018_463150-65\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_739786-ad\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_6c8f9c-8f\">\n\n<p>\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_28d812-3d\">\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_574bc4-a0\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_fc92b9-08\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_5312ec-7b\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Machine Learning) <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938 (AI) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0905\u0928\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_16c670-45\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_4b2b82-c2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_1baaa7-03\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e) <strong>\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_049b12-0a\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_535803-3d\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_f735c5-9f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u092a \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0938) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_25f0f9-1f\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9ee29b-45\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 (NLP)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_7e6bf9-b1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NLP \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u0938\u0926\u0943\u0936 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0948\u091f\u092c\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_4dea72-05\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_7d9d9a-75\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AGI)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_6d1728-57\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u092e (Self-learning) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_9e7909-7d\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_299f17-05\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 AI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_039222-fc\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 AI \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u090f\u0906\u0908 (Generative AI) \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_1fe520-d4\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_e5bcac-05\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_e4eb69-f6\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_47d340-36\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_541d51-b3\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c66de4-b2\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_201ac2-95\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_f07273-8c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_1a1ce0-28\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8ae1a067b22cb9ad85ad3d232eeedc2c\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (Robotics)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 (\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e)<\/strong>, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? (What is a Robot?)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f (Programmable)<\/strong> \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 (Autonomously) \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (<strong>\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921 \/ \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0938\u0926\u0943\u0936<\/strong>) \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902), \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Asimov&#8217;s Laws)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 <strong>\u0906\u0907\u091c\u0948\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0935<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 1942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 &#8216;\u0906\u0908, \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f&#8217; (I, Robot) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e&#8221;<\/strong> \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 (Ethical framework)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u094b\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924):<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f \u0938\u092e\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0935 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u2013 2025)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \/ \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930&nbsp; (\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f (Humanoid Robot) \u2013 <strong>\u0917\u0917\u0928\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f (\u0907\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u093f\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/td><td><strong>\u090f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>SS \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e; <strong>&#8220;\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0940&#8221; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u0921\u0949\u0915 \/ \u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/td><td>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092c \u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930-2 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0938\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0935 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/td><td>\u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f (Service Robots)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>TAL Brabo (\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f<\/strong>; &#8220;\u092e\u0947\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e 2.0&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 (A-SET \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e 3D-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921<\/strong>; \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e 2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0942\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e<\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0940\u0935\u0930-\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f<\/strong>; &#8220;<strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0964<strong>\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930<\/strong> (<strong>\u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong> <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0936\u0939\u0930<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0939\u094b\u092e\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092a \u090f\u091f\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong>\/\u092e\u0948\u0928\u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f; <strong>IIT \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a Solinas \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MULE (\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940- \u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0917\u094d\u0921 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong> + \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\/\u0921\u0949\u0917\u094d\u0938<\/strong>; \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u091f\u094b\u0939\u0940 (Reconnaissance) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u0926 (Logistics) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941; \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 12 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e; \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u092e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921\u092c\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Gridbots)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td><td>\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u093f\u092a\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-cde878804e9e8ecea9ebcfb7a681096b\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (Big Data Analytics)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 6 Vs \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/strong>:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (Volume)<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0917 (Velocity)<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e (Variety)<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (Veracity)<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f (Value):<\/strong> \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (Variability)<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> (UN-CEBD) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f ADVAIT \u2192 <\/strong>\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094b\u0916\u093e\u0927\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u092a\u093e\u091a\u0947 \u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a (Apache Hadoop) &#8211; \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>HDFS (\u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0924 (Storage Layer)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938 (Nodes) \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MapReduce (\u092e\u0948\u092a-\u0930\u093f\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0921\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0924 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>YARN (\u092f\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947\u0917\u094b\u0936\u093f\u090f\u091f\u0930):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Resource management)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0947\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 (CPU, RAM) \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hadoop Common:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u090f\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908 (APIs) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 HDFS, YARN \u0914\u0930 MapReduce \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-42af68c513a20fc9bfcdf732b7d76b4a\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Cloud Computing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f (&#8220;\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921&#8221;) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 (\u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0924\u0915 <strong>\u0911\u0928-\u0921\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 (On-demand)<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 AWS, \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935, \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0928\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u090f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930 (Azure)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 (Public Cloud)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:<\/strong> \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 AWS, Google Cloud)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f, \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u094b\u091d \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 (SMEs), \u0935\u0947\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u091c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b (Zomato) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e (Paytm) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 (Private Cloud)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0911\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 (SBI) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 (Hybrid Cloud)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928; \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u093e\u0930 (Workloads) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 (Community Cloud)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928) \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 <strong>\u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>; \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (Service Models)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u090f\u091c\u093c \u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (IaaS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c, \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> AWS EC2, \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928, \u090f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930 VMs, <strong>\u092e\u0947\u0918\u0930\u093e\u091c (MeghRaj)<\/strong> &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f (Scalable), \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u091c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b (Zomato) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u090f\u091c\u093c \u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (PaaS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930 \u0910\u092a \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0910\u092a \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928, <strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (Deployment)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0910\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f PaaS \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u091c\u093c \u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (SaaS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 &#8216;\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0940-\u091f\u0942-\u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c&#8217; (\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930) \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938, \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 365, <strong>\u091c\u0940\u090f\u0938\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0928 (GSTN)<\/strong>, <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u0949\u0915\u0930<\/strong>, <strong>\u092d\u0940\u092e (BHIM)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d, \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d:<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u0949\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 SaaS \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u090f\u091c\u093c-\u090f-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (NaaS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 <strong>\u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930-\u090f\u091c\u093c-\u090f-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 (MaaS)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 (Cybercrime)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 (Malware) \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MaaS \u0935\u0948\u0927 SaaS \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 (\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930) \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u092a\u0947-\u092a\u0930-\u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c&#8217; \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u090f\u091c \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Edge computing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u091c \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e (computation) \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u090f\u091c<\/strong> (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2013 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930, \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u2192 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"996\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image32-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163942\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image32-10.png 996w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image32-10-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image32-10-768x441.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image32-10-600x345.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u2013 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (\u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940) \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IoT \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0947\u0924\u0941<\/strong> \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u2192 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e (\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f<\/strong> \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 (\u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0915\u0948\u092e\u0930\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915) \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0928\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 (\u090f\u091c \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 4.0):<\/strong> \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 IoT \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164018_5167c0-f9{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_5167c0-f9 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_5167c0-f9 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_5167c0-f9 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164018_5167c0-f9 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164018_5167c0-f9\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_1fe96a-17\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_0bcf7a-cf\">\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921  \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_3558d2-f6\">\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_6b6d78-8a\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_aa0a18-f5\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0918\u0930\u093e\u091c (MeghRaj &#8211; 2013)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9aa8ff-3d\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MeitY) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&#8216;\u091c\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921&#8217; (GI Cloud &#8211; Government of India Cloud)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0908-\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (NIC)<\/strong> &#8216;\u092e\u0947\u0918\u0930\u093e\u091c&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f IaaS, PaaS \u0914\u0930 SaaS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_9e339e-2a\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_227ec8-b1\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u0940\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 (DigiBoxx)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_284e58-4c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>SaaS (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c-\u090f\u091c\u093c-\u090f-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938)<\/strong> \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901&#8217; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_b4036b-0b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_04ec43-d5\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0932\u0949\u0915\u0930 (DigiLocker)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_5e83c0-9a\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MeitY) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_d78659-83\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_fa8289-d2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0918 (RajMegh)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_cdaba2-50\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>&#8216;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921&#8217; <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DoIT&amp;C)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930-III&#8217;<\/strong> (Tier-III) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 (SDC)<\/strong>\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SaaS \u0914\u0930 PaaS \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0921-\u091f\u0942-\u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u2013 2025<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u092c\u091c\u091f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2024\u201325<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928: <\/strong>\u201c\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u090f \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>300 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u20b920,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c <\/strong>\u0915\u093e<strong> \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>5<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928: <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong>: \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e 2 MW \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e; \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u2013 \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c (\u20b925 &#8211; \u20b9100 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c), \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e (\u20b9100 &#8211; \u20b9250 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c), \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e (\u20b9250 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0940<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e <strong>75% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\u2013 7 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0940<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (EFCI) \u0915\u093e <strong>10\u201320%<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0913\u0935\u0930-\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928: <strong>10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0913\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e 1\u20131.4%\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928<\/strong> (\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 3 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938): \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 25% \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0940, <strong>5% \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u091b\u0942\u091f<\/strong>, \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u0942\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/strong>: \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 100% \u091b\u0942\u091f (7 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937), 75% \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f, \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0908\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e: \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f, GI \u091f\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u20b91<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-7fc4264f0ab2725474fc089278d26668\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 (IoT)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8216;\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938&#8217; (IoT) \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Devices), \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 (\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 (Process) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IoT \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 IoT \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IoT \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 (GUI):<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e IoT \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0935\u093e\u0908-\u092b\u093e\u0908, \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u0942\u0925, 5G, LoRa \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928:<\/strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f (Real-time) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (Predictive analysis), \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 (\u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IoT \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u092e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- Nest, Ring, Alexa)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> (Wearables &#8211; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: Fitbit, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921) \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091a\u093e\u092a (BP) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 IoT (IIoT):<\/strong> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 (Predictive maintenance), \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f:<\/strong> IoT-\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 (\u091f\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908), \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> IoT \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>PMFBY<\/strong> (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e; <strong>\u0928\u092e\u094b \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0926\u0940\u0926\u0940<\/strong> \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 IoT \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f:<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091f\u094b\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0939\u0930:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092f\u093e\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (\u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e) \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"988\" height=\"468\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-146.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" class=\"wp-image-164021\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-146.png 988w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-146-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-146-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-146-600x284.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IoT \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IoT \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u092e \u0910\u092a\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0921\u0948\u0936\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u094b<strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921\/\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Cellular, LoRaWAN)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: TCP\/UDP \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 (Middleware)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (Cloud\/Edge Computing) (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u2013 SQL, NoSQL, \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092e)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 (IoT) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u090f\u0935\u0930\u0940\u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917 (IoE)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IoT (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938)<\/strong> \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (Automation)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938:<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u092e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938, \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IoE (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u090f\u0935\u0930\u0940\u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/strong> \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 IoT \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938: <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940, \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; IoT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IoE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938<\/td><td>\u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 + \u0932\u094b\u0917 + \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e + \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938-\u091f\u0942-\u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 (\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923)<\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 IoT \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (2025)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IEMECON 2025 \u2013 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916: 8\u201310 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2025<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915<\/strong>: \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (UEM), \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0925\u0940\u092e<\/strong>: \u201c\u090f\u0902\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 AI \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f\u201d\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 IoT \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094b&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928, <strong>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c\u093c, IoT, \u0908-\u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938, EVs, \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IDCIoT 2025 \u2013 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u0921 IoT \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2025 &#8211; <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5-7 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940, 2025, \u0930\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940, <strong>\u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ede5e5ad2656434603e9d7834f574191\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Blockchain Technology)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0940\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e (Decentralised, distributed ledger)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u091b\u0947\u0921\u093c\u091b\u093e\u0921\u093c-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e (Integrity)<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (Cryptocurrency)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092b\u093f\u090f\u091f \u092e\u0928\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: <strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928<\/strong> (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 &#8211; 2008, \u0938\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0924\u094b), \u0907\u0925\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928, \u0930\u093f\u092a\u0932, \u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928, \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (CBDC &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 &#8211; <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0947 (e\u20b9)<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Consensus Mechanisms)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u0911\u092b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (PoW):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u0911\u092b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915 (PoS):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Coins) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0907\u0925\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e 2.0\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>: \u0921\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0917\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u0911\u092b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915 (DPoS), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u0911\u092b \u0905\u0925\u0949\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0940 (PoA), \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0906\u092f\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1961<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940\/\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong> (Legal Tender) \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 <strong>\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c (Exchanges)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WazirX:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928, \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> CoinSwitch Kuber, ZebPay, Unocoin, Bitbns, CoinDCX\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b \u090f\u0938\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (MiCA) \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b-\u090f\u0938\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0926\u0947\u0936 \/ \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928<br>CBDC<\/td><td>\u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"7\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 (Sand Dollar) &#8211; <\/strong>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 2020 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942<\/strong> CBDC (\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e CBDC)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0908-\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093e (e-Naira)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0908-\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0908 (e-CNY &#8211; \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092f\u0941\u0906\u0928) &#8211; <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e CBDC \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f <\/strong>\u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0932<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 (Drex) &#8211; <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923; \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0921\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0908-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 (e-Krona)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 (Digital Tenge) &#8211; <\/strong>\u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u0928 (Mining) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>mBridge \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 (BIS)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> (Settlement) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;mBridge&#8217; \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940 (Retail CBDC &#8211; e\u20b9-R)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a:<\/strong> 1 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2022\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0947-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (P2P)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0947-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 (P2M)<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong> e\u20b9-R \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 UPI \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f UPI \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924&#8217; \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8220;\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939&#8221; (Closed User Group)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0925\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940 (Wholesale CBDC &#8211; e\u20b9-W)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a:<\/strong> 1 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2022\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928 (Interbank settlements)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u0949\u0928-\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928 (Non-Fungible Tokens)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 (Digital assets) \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 NFT \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (Indivisible):<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e, \u092c\u0947\u091a\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d\u0924\u093e (Scarcity):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 NFT \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d (Scarce) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0915\u0932 (Duplication) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e <strong>\u091c\u093e\u0932\u0938\u093e\u091c\u0940 (Forging)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932 (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e) &#8216;\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932&#8217; \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0949\u0928-\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932 (\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 NFT \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 (One-of-a-kind) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0928\u0949\u0928-\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932&#8217; \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 (DeFi)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 <strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 (Intermediaries)<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u091c) \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DeFi \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 (dApps)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0910\u092a\u094d\u0938 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Instagram) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, dApps \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 (Open-source), \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Virtual Digital Asset)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8216;\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f&#8217; (Virtual Digital Asset) \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u094b\u0921, \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 (\u0915\u0942\u091f\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928)<\/strong> \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0949\u0907\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 NFT (\u0928\u0949\u0928-\u092b\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u0928) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 <strong>\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (PMLA)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VDAs \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 (Withholding of tax) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915 2022<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f:<\/strong> 1 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2022 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, VDAs \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092a\u0930 <strong>30% \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930<\/strong> (\u0905\u0927\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924) \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f <\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\/\u092a\u0939\u0932 <\/td><td>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (India)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IndiaChain &#8211; \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0947\u0928 (\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915 (IndiaStack &#8211; \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0916, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>StaTwig (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u0935\u093f\u0917)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 &#8211; COVID \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091f\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>AgriLedger (\u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e (\u091c\u092e\u093e\u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940) \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091f\u0948\u0902\u092a\u0930-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0964\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 (\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925) \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>iStart \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917&nbsp;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0917\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0947\u092c3 (Web3) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0947\u091c \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092c\u091c\u091f 2022-23<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (<strong>MeitY<\/strong>) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 2024<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e<\/strong> (NBF) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928-\u090f\u091c\u093c-\u090f-\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938<\/strong> (BaaS) \u092e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (<strong>NIC \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u2013 \u092d\u0941\u0935\u0928\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> (Permissioned) \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>NBFLite \u0938\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092f\u0942-\u0935\u093f\u0928 (U-WIN &#8211; \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MoHFW)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> <strong>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094b-\u0935\u093f\u0928<\/strong> (Co-WIN &#8211; \u0915\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0921 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940: <\/strong>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 <\/strong>\u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: 12 <\/strong>\u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902<strong> <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0908-\u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Co-WIN \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u090f\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0911\u092b\u093c\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0921: <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091f: <\/strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0921\u094b\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>SMS \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Reminders)<\/strong> \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<strong> ABHA <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> \u091a\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094d\u0921 ABHA <\/strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e: 11 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3877a2aeb4eaa50a02d9080696ab287d\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0911\u0935\u0930-\u0926-\u091f\u0949\u092a (OTT) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0935\u0930-\u0926-\u091f\u0949\u092a (OTT)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0935\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092f\u093e \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u2192<\/strong> OTT \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e <strong>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2021 (IT Rules 2021)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940:<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1995<\/strong> (\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (PCI)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1978 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IT \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 2021 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e OTT \u092e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> (OCCPs) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0935\u0939 \u0911\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b-\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0947\u092c-\u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c, \u092a\u0949\u0921\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092a\u0930 (On-demand)<\/strong> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> \u0913\u091f\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <strong>\u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 (\u0938\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 (\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f OTT \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u091f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928\u0940+ \u0939\u0949\u091f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0949\u091f\u093f\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0908, \u0910\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a (Twitch), \u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928&#8217; (Traditional Broadcast TV)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 OTT (\u0913\u0935\u0930-\u0926-\u091f\u0949\u092a) \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-17f25849c0e07ef5c8b5ff393bd1cc8c\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0928 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Content) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Virtual communities)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e <strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Interaction)<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964&nbsp; <em>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em> \u092b\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0941\u0915, \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0930 (X)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 (B2B) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 <em>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em> \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921\u0907\u0928 (LinkedIn)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0918\u0941-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 <em>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em> \u091f\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0949\u0915, \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0948\u092a\u091a\u0948\u091f, \u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \/ \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a:<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <em>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em> \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f (Reddit), \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093e (Quora)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901\/\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092b\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0941\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f <strong>\u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/strong> \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Content), \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 (Public)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 (Follow) \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0948\u092a\u091a\u0948\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0910\u092a \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091a\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Chatting)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u093f\u0928\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (Pinboards)<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921\u0907\u0928 (LinkedIn)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f <\/strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c (YouTube)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f &#8216;\u0939\u093e\u0909-\u091f\u0942&#8217; (\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915) \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u092a\u0940 (\u0928\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0916\u0947), \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e <strong>\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b-\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0902\u091a (Discussion Forums)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: Quora \u092f\u093e Reddit)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-974982bb837920949cb4b872d89744a7\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940\u091c (Immersive Technologies)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (XR) \u2013 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>XR \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928 <strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 (Immersive)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e (Perception) \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> (AR), <strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong> (VR) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e <\/strong>(MR) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0941\u0902\u0927\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image84-3.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" class=\"wp-image-163950\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image84-3.png 700w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image84-3-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image84-3-600x463.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164018_aa74d3-12{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_aa74d3-12 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_aa74d3-12 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_aa74d3-12 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164018_aa74d3-12 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164018_aa74d3-12\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_e435ea-c0\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_6a549f-ec\">\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (<strong>AR \/ VR\/ MR<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_90fd13-d8\">\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_2725c8-ae\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_0766a0-ae\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Augmented Reality &#8211; AR)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_95d9eb-fd\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AR \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 (Overlay)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 (Enhance)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Immersion Level):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, AR \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0947 (Google Glass, AR \u092e\u094b\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Microsoft HoloLens), \u091f\u0948\u092c\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0915\u0947\u092e\u0949\u0928 \u0917\u094b (Pok\u00e9mon Go) \u0917\u0947\u092e, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f IKEA \u0910\u092a, \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 AR \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> AR-\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 (\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f (3D) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f:<\/strong> AR \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_8fb38e-c0\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c69cba-b4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Virtual Reality &#8211; VR)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_2c456a-d5\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0915 (Immersive) <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\/\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f (Simulated)<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\/\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f (3D) \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a (\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f <strong>VR \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0938\u0947\u091f<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0913\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0938-\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u090f\u091a\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u0935, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 VR), \u092e\u094b\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0914\u0930 VR \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0935\u094d\u0938 (\u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915), VR-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u092e\u0939\u0932 \u091f\u0942\u0930), \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Simulators)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>PTSD (\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0918\u093e\u0924\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f VR \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_1378ed-ca\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_270e46-c5\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Mixed Reality &#8211; MR)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_381955-0c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 AR \u0914\u0930 VR \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Hybrid)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Interact)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0938\u0939-\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Coexist)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong> \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a (\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0938\u0947\u091f \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 (Sensors) \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Microsoft HoloLens, Magic Leap)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e, MR \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 <\/strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> MR-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e: <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Interactive) \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 (AR \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e VR \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e MR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (AR)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (VR)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (MR)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e + \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 (Overlay)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 + \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Fusion)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 (Partial)<\/td><td>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 <\/strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, AR \u091a\u0936\u094d\u092e\u093e&nbsp;<\/td><td>VR \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0938\u0947\u091f<\/td><td>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0948\u0938 <strong>MR \u0939\u0947\u0921\u0938\u0947\u091f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094b\u0915\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u094b&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/strong> (\u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915)<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 (\u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 (Digital Twin)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932<\/strong> (\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a<\/strong> (Real-Time Replica) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 <strong>IoT \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930 <strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>, <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 <\/strong>\u090f\u0935\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938<\/strong> (IoT), <strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong> (XR), <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Metaverse)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f (3D)<\/strong> \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (VR) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f (Replica)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 <strong>\u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 (Lifelike)<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (AR), \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (VR), \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 (Convergence)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 (Immersive) \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8216;\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 <strong>1942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092b\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0936&#8217; (Snow Crash)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d (4 Layers)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0924 (Infrastructure layer):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924 (Virtualization engine layer):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u0924 (Interface and Access layer):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 (User experience and use cases layer):<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0941\u0915:<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e&#8217; (Meta)<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f:<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u092e\u0947\u0936&#8217; (Mesh)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (MR) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nvidia:<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u092a\u093f\u0915 (Epic):<\/strong> &#8216;\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f&#8217; (Fortnite) \u0917\u0947\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 AVGC-XR \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (2024\u201325)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AVGC-XR = \u090f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0907\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915: <\/strong>\u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a: 4 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2024, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940: <strong>29 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940, 2025<\/strong> (<strong>31 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a, 2029<\/strong> \u0924\u0915)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u091f 2024\u201325<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u092c<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AVGC\u2011XR<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u0940\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> (Sunrise Sector) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>50,000 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0943\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 AVGC-XR \u092b\u0902\u0921: 50 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c <\/strong>\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0947 (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928, \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0942\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0942\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u20b91,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>iStart<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 (\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0939\u092c, \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u092c, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0947\u091f\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f XR\/AR\/VR \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u0906\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u0930, \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f: <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e AVGC-XR \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 <strong>2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 $3 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 <strong>2030 <\/strong>\u0924\u0915<strong> $26 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 (CAGR 14\u201316%)\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-bff4ce897fd2283ebe0f74baf5cd27d8\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Quantum Computing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Quantum Theory) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940&#8217; (Quantum Mechanics)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938&#8217; (Qubits)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940, \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0916\u094b\u091c, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, AI \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932) \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164018_6704f6-9f{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_6704f6-9f th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_6704f6-9f caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_6704f6-9f td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164018_6704f6-9f wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164018_6704f6-9f\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_3a9f65-cd\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c502dc-14\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_fcc03f-64\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_8cfc09-21\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_d37448-41\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_f45ed7-52\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9c4f73-10\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f (Bit)<\/strong> \u2192 0 \u092f\u093e 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image58-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163953\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image58-9.png 368w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image58-9-226x300.png 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c6edf8-50\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f<\/strong> (Qubit) \u2192 0, 1, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 (<strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image81-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163955\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:100px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image81-2.png 410w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image81-2-251x300.png 251w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_800471-e7\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_0289a2-00\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_1fca92-80\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 (Sequential)<\/strong> \u2192 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_5062a1-d2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 (Parallel)<\/strong> \u2192 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_222855-8a\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_077b9f-43\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_e7c68b-73\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> &#8211; \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_7e1149-83\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928, \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f, \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_a44ad2-8e\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_dff27b-79\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_53861a-ef\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> (Moore\u2019s Law) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924; \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_411f8c-42\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_da4696-ba\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_2e6b0d-e9\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_eb43bc-b5\">\n\n<p>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094b\u0930<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_306bc2-55\">\n\n<p>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092f\u093e Decoherence<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_caa2d3-2f\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c30f26-1e\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_42c0d8-e2\">\n\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0926\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_bf353f-72\">\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u0941\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_32fa62-77\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_28a0a1-72\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_69c210-91\">\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 RSA, ECC) \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_343912-c2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (QKD)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_c614b3-28\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9fe06b-05\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_ad6b25-c8\">\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (AND, OR, NOT)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_179915-a7\">\n\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Hadamard, CNOT, SWAP)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_df89a5-e2\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_e63ae7-4c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9b0624-0c\">\n\n<p>\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_39077b-5d\">\n\n<p>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 (Superconducting circuits), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928, \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_0f4249-90\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_4df290-3f\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_cb42e0-d1\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917: <\/strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0935\u0947\u092c \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_fad0f2-a5\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940, \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0916\u094b\u091c (Drug discovery), \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, AI \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container164018_d5d8ca-c8{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_d5d8ca-c8 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_d5d8ca-c8 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table164018_d5d8ca-c8 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container164018_d5d8ca-c8 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table164018_d5d8ca-c8\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_8ed640-eb\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_bc9021-f7\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_ca0663-5e\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_a0d3ca-fd\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_984360-09\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0940\u0936\u0928<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_f542f2-0a\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Qubits) \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f 0, 1, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (|\u03c8\u27e9 = \u03b1|0\u27e9 + \u03b2|1\u27e9) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Superposition) <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_ce7a5c-fb\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_318f90-f1\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0909\u0932\u091d\u093e\u0935 (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image38-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163958\" style=\"width:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image38-9.png 450w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image38-9-300x184.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_a8f7d9-7d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (State) \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_478264-90\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9a1f34-a6\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"532\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-164089\" style=\"width:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-150.png 532w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-150-300x118.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_effd6f-6d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 (Waves) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939<\/strong> \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 (Amplify) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 (Suppress) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_61fd7c-23\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_596f5e-08\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_b53021-2d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0938 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964 (\u0924\u0947\u091c \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_59791a-0b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_622ac1-e4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"848\" height=\"609\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image54-10-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163972\" style=\"width:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image54-10-3.png 848w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image54-10-3-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image54-10-3-768x552.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image54-10-3-600x431.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 848px) 100vw, 848px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_c2fd37-e4\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/strong> <strong>0<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>1<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_aa0c10-48\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_5b73cd-e6\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_9e6d34-db\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (Threshold) \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902, <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0930<\/strong> (Sycamore &#8211; <strong>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930) \u0928\u0947 \u2018\u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940\u2019 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_f3a45c-40\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_3a17fe-56\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 (QKD)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_56601d-18\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>QKD \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>QKD \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>QUESS (\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u091f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932)<\/strong>: <strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong> &#8211; \u0939\u0948\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092b \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong> (2016), \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u093f\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0938<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row164018_4f8784-ca\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_1dd580-ed\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data164018_8cbe88-93\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0921\u0940\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0921\u093c\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Quantum Teleportation)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 (\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923) \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA) \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA) \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930-\u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932-\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Detectors) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 44 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&#8216;qkdSim&#8217;: RRI \u0915\u093e QKD \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u0942\u0932\u0915\u093f\u091f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0902\u0921-\u091f\u0942-\u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (QKD) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u0932\u0915\u093f\u091f<\/strong> (Simulation toolkit) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u092e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (RRI), \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0902\u0921-\u091f\u0942-\u090f\u0902\u0921 &#8216;\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938&#8217; (\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936) QKD \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 <strong>QuEST<\/strong> (\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917) \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f<\/strong>: <strong>\u092e\u0908 2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong>, <strong>\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> (<strong>C\u2011DOT<\/strong>) \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/strong> (\u0938\u0940\u090f\u0938\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0930-\u090f\u0928\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u090f\u092e\u0913\u092f\u0942) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>DRDO + IIT \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"3\">\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 QKD<\/td><td><strong>2025:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 <strong>\u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0909\u0932\u091d\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928&#8217; (Entangled photons) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>1 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 QKD<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2022:<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u0932<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <strong>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2024:<\/strong> 100 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 <strong>\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0909\u0932\u091d\u093e\u0935 (Entanglement) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 QKD&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (SAC), \u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>300 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (2021)\u0964&nbsp;\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong> (SBQC) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 QKD \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f SAQTI<\/strong> (\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917)&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>DRDO + TIFR, \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 (\u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2024)\u0964&nbsp;\u092f\u0939 &#8216;<strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925&#8217;<\/strong> (Superconducting circuit) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>C-DoT<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a<strong>\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915<\/strong>(2023).<strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u0928<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>NIC, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 (2023)\u0964&nbsp;\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 (Optical fibre) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MeitY<\/strong><strong>(C-DAC)<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (CoE)<strong>MAQAN<\/strong> (\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915) &#8211; IIT \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u092e\u0902\u091a (Testbed)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0940-\u0921\u0949\u091f + \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940\u091c(2025)<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 (MCF) \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<strong>2025:<\/strong> <strong>4-\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>100 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u092a\u0930<strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e QKD \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 + \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>TCS + IIT-\u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091a\u093f\u092a \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Anomalies) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928-\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092f\u093e NV \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>QNu Labs (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a)<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0938 (QKD), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d &#8211; <strong>Tropos <\/strong>(QRNG) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942-\u0936\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 &#8211; <strong>QShield <\/strong>(\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u091a) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>IIT \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930<\/strong> \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0964<strong>\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f QKD \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (NQM)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0902\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u20b96,003 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 (2023\u20132031)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 R&amp;D \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>4 \u0925\u0940\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u092c\u094d\u0938 (Thematic Hubs)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 &#8211; IISc \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 &#8211; IIT \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 + C-DOT, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 &#8211; IIT \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 &#8211; IIT \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> (Key Goals):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>20 \u0938\u0947 1000<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f (Qubit) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938 (QpiAI-Indus)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092b\u0941\u0932-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a <strong>QpiAI<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong> 25 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 (\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f) \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u2192 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u0947\u091c, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e-\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 QpiAISaaS \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0926\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0924\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201c\u092b\u0941\u0932-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915\u201d<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938), \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, AI-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<strong>:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940, \u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>(\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0940 \u2013 RTGS \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930: <\/strong>IBM, \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0938\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0947\u091c (TCS), \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u091f\u0942\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b (L&amp;T)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2025 \u0915\u094b <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2025 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 <strong>100 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Werner Heisenberg)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940&#8217; \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e (Phenomenon) \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091a\u093f\u092a&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e 1 \u091a\u093f\u092a (Majorana 1 Chip)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Topological Qubits)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u094b <strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u2013 MZMs<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924: <strong>Microsoft (2025)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, <strong>DARPA<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>US2QC \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 <strong>\u201c\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Topoconductor)\u201d<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u2192 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 (Fault-Tolerant)<\/strong> \u0935 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Material):<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921 (InAs) + \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u2192 H-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 8 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938; \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u093f\u092a 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \/ \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/td><td>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938 (MZMs)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 1937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, 2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Local Errors) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921 (InAs) \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Al) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f MZMs \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u093f\u092a \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>10 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928<\/strong> (10 mK) \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u094b (\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932) &#8211; Willow<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930: \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091a\u093f\u092a (105-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938: <strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0913\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0949\u091f (Ocelot)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (ISM)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924: <strong>2021<\/strong>, \u20b976,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094b\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>: \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MeitY)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938<\/strong>: \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>: \u092b\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0938, \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\/\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930\/ATMP, DLI (\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0917\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0907\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f \u2192 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 (\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b): <\/strong>32-\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SHAKTI-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092a (IRIS)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e: <strong>IIT-\u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092e: <strong>IRIS<\/strong> \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 RISC-V \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924: <strong>SHAKTI \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930<\/strong> (\u0913\u092a\u0928-\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 RISC-V \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928: \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e RISC-V (DIRV) \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RIMO (2018)<\/strong> \u2013 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 SHAKTI \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MOUSHIK (2020)<\/strong> \u2013 IoT \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SoC\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 (\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928), IoT \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 IoT\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DIRV \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>RISC-V \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930- \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-432d20d8a5f1debd47dda9d49e140da1\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Hyperloop Technology)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093e 5\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928:<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0932\u0942\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c&#8217; (Near-vacuum tube) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (\u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927) \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e &#8216;\u092a\u0949\u0921&#8217; (Pod &#8211; \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937) \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>1000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 4 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915, \u0930\u0947\u0932, \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> <strong>&#8216;\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0932\u0928&#8217; (Magnetic levitation \/ Maglev)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 (\u092a\u0949\u0921) \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 (Suspended) \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0928\u0947 (Propelled) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u093e<strong> \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0936\u093f\u0916\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928<\/strong> <strong>IIT-\u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e 450 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0932\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u092d\u0940 <strong>IIT-\u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0925\u0928 C \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908-\u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941-\u091a\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"468\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-147.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" class=\"wp-image-164082\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-147.png 1000w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-147-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-147-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-147-600x281.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a44719e2683b84810e9f36f8fc1541ef\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u090f\u0921\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Additive Manufacturing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f (3D) \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0930\u0924-\u0926\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u0924 (Layer-by-layer)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0915\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Subtractive)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>CAD (\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930-\u090f\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928)<\/strong> \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902: <\/strong>FDM (\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917), SLA (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940), SLS (\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f, \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\/\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935:<\/strong> \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0947, \u0930\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/strong> 3D\u2011\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0918\u0930 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924: Tvasta, IIT Madras)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0948\u092c\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 (\u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941, 2023)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0918\u0930 (IIT \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938, Tvasta)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 3D \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e (2024)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0938\u092e\u0949\u0938)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IIT \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a <strong>&#8216;\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0938\u092e\u0949\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 <strong>\u090f\u0915\u0932-\u092a\u0940\u0938 (Single-piece)<\/strong> <strong>3D-\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0923 SOrTeD (Agnibaan SOrTeD)&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong> \u0938\u092c-\u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 (Semi-cryogenic)<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a\u092a\u0948\u0921:<\/strong> <strong>&#8216;\u0927\u0928\u0941\u0937&#8217;<\/strong> \u2014 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e (\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a\u092a\u0948\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>4D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (External stimuli) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0926\u0932<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e:<\/strong> 3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0938\u092e\u092f&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u091a\u094c\u0925\u093e \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Smart Materials):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0930 (Shape-memory polymers)<\/strong>, \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Shape-morphing systems)<\/strong>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u093e 4D \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Stents)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935-\u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091b\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 (Adaptive camouflage)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 (\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092b\u0948\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (\u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928) \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u2013 2025)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 <strong>4D-\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e 4D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>4D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 (Static) \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/td><td>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 (Dynamic), \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0915, \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0932)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td><td>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u092a\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936, \u091c\u0932) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923), \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/td><td>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3d2ab52abe708e2570cea00d30a11964\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (4IR)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8216;\u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2016 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a (WEF)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092c<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:&nbsp; \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (ML), \u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (3D \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917), \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (AR\/VR), \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 (IoT), 5G \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915, \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>&#8220;\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930-\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Cyber-physical systems)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f (Merge) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (C4IR)<\/strong>: <strong>\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930&#8217; (C4IR)<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a<\/strong> (WEF) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f-\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148-1024x638.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" class=\"wp-image-164084\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148-1024x638.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148-768x479.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148-600x374.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-148.png 1274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149-1024x526.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\" class=\"wp-image-164086\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149-1024x526.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149-600x308.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-149.png 1282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI), \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 (IoT), \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u091a\u0947\u0928, \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"parent":161792,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-164018","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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