{"id":163973,"date":"2026-04-25T09:39:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T04:09:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=163973"},"modified":"2026-04-27T11:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T06:25:18","slug":"contribution-of-indians-in-science-technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/contribution-of-indians-in-science-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928: <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>&#8220;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f&#8221;<\/strong>, <strong>&#8220;\u0938\u0940. \u0935\u0940. \u0930\u092e\u0928&#8221;<\/strong>, <strong>&#8220;\u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e&#8221;<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>&#8220;\u090f. \u092a\u0940. \u091c\u0947. \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092e&#8221;<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948; RAS Mains \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/contribution-of-indian-scientists\/\">\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163973_355606-6b .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1fdc72d138490dbd63f5f031694ec1ed\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0924 (Ancient India)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\/ \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928\/ \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"6\"><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f (\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f) (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 476\u2013550 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 <strong>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f\u0940\u092f&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f&#8217; (Zero)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930&#8217;<\/strong> (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0908 (\u03c0)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>3.1416<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0935 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0930 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 505\u2013587 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e&#8217;<\/strong> (\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0915\u094b\u0936 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948) \u0914\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u0902\u091a\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e&#8217;<\/strong> (\u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 598\u2013668 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0941\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924&#8217;<\/strong> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Negative numbers)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 II (\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f) (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1114\u20131185 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; 12\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u091c\u094d\u091e \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0923\u093f&#8217;<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902: <strong>\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940, \u092c\u0940\u091c\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<br>&#8211; \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u092b\u093c\u0948\u091c\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u0940\u091c\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u0935\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 (Differential Calculus)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u0935 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1340\u20131425 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u0947\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0911\u092b \u092e\u0948\u0925\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 (Infinity)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092b\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 (Infinite series)<\/strong>\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u0948\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&#8211; <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u092a\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0915\u094c\u092e\u0941\u0926\u0940&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u092c\u0940\u091c\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0936\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0927\u0930:<\/strong> &#8216;\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u092e\u0926\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e&#8217;, &#8216;\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0926\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e&#8217; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092e\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 <strong>&#8216;\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0930\u093e\u091c&#8217; (Yantraja)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939-\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u0909\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0948\u0928, \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0938\u0940, \u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 (<strong>\u091c\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong>) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Medicine, Surgery, and Life Sciences)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924 (Sushruta)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221; (Father of Surgery)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/strong> (\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940), \u092e\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926 (Cataract) \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0940\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 &#8216;\u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0915 (Charaka)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u091a\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928, \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (Metabolism) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Immunity)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0935\u093e\u0924, \u0915\u092b \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Genetics):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Microscopic Pathology):<\/strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 (<strong>\u0915\u0943\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u092f\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 (Hayayurveda):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (Anatomy) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0917\u091c\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 (Gajayurveda):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, <strong>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Crop rotation)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&#8211; <strong>\u0939\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0947\u0935:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 13\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u092e\u0943\u0917-\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940-\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0940\u0930:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0925\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u0924\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0915-\u090f-\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0940\u0930\u0940&#8217;<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 (Breeding) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Hybridization)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940, \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0923\u093e\u0926 (Maharishi Kanad)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (Vaisheshika school)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; \u091c\u0949\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Atomic theory)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941&#8217; (Atoms)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0902\u0917-\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d (The Rust-Free Iron Pillar)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> 7.2 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e, 6 \u091f\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u091a\u094c\u0925\u0940 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940 (\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0924\u093e (Corrosion resistance)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0924 (<strong>\u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u0930\u0924 &#8211; Misawite layer<\/strong>) \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Treatment) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925:<\/strong> \u0935\u0943\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u092f\u094b\u0917&#8217;<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f \u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 <strong>&#8216;\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924&#8217;<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0928:<\/strong> &#8216;\u0930\u0938\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092d\u091f:<\/strong> &#8216;\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0935&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0930\u0938\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0938\u092e\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091a\u092f&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u091a\u092f\u093f\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0924\u093e (Modern Indian)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u092f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u092f\u094b \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Organic thio compounds) \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1892 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 <strong>&#8216;\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0915\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940&#8217;<\/strong> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094c\u0930\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092d\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (CSIR)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e (NPL)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e (NCL)<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 12 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 <strong>&#8216;\u090f\u0938.\u090f\u0938. \u092d\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930&#8217;<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0940.\u090f\u0928.\u0906\u0930. \u0930\u093e\u0935 (CNR Rao)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/strong>, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0940, \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915:<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Physics)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0940.\u0935\u0940. \u0930\u092e\u0928 (Sir C.V. Raman)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Raman Effect):<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935&#8217; (\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928<\/strong>) \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 1930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IISc)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 1948 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (RRI)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <strong>28 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938&#8217; \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u094b\u0938 (Satyendra Nath Bose)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u094b\u0938-\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940&#8217; <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092c\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0928 (Bosons):<\/strong> \u0909\u092a-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0939\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0928&#8217; \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092c\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0928&#8217; \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u0917\u0926\u0940\u0936 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0938 (Jagadish Chandra Bose)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Plant Physiology):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094c\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b&#8217; (Crescograph)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br><strong>&#8211; \u092c\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Wireless Communication):<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093f\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092e\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935, 1895 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092c\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 (Wireless Telegraphy)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0918\u0928\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e (Meghnad Saha)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Astrophysics):<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0918\u0928\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923&#8217; <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u092f\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1952 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915, \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 (<strong>\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0924<\/strong>) \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> 1947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0930 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (DVC)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 (D.S. Kothari)<\/strong>(\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e: 1906, \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928)<\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> UGC (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917) \u0914\u0930 <strong>NCERT<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 (1948-1961) \u0925\u0947\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (1964-66):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (<strong>Statistical Thermodynamics<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u091c\u0947. \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e (Homi J. Bhabha)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e <\/strong>\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>TIFR<\/strong> (\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u092b\u0902\u0921\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a) \u0914\u0930 <strong>BARC<\/strong> (\u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>&#8211; \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0930\u093e (1956):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Nuclear fission reactor)<\/strong> \u0925\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>24 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> (8780 MWe \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e) \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f <strong>ITER (\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0928\/\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&#8211;<strong>\u0915\u0923 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948:<br>&#8211; <strong>INO (International Neutrino Observatory):<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>CERN:<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0928 (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 (ALICE, CMS) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>LIGO-India:<\/strong> \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932-\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940&#8217; (LIGO) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (<strong>ISRO<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e (<strong>PRL<\/strong>) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u094d\u092f\u092e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0947\u0916\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 1983 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0947\u0916\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e (Chandrasekhar Limit):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092c\u094c\u0928\u0947&#8217; (<strong>White Dwarf<\/strong>) \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>1.44 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0918\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092c\u094c\u0928\u0947&#8217; \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 1.44 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 (<strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 &#8211; Electron degeneracy pressure<\/strong>) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Aerospace and Defence)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u0949. \u090f.\u092a\u0940.\u091c\u0947. \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (<strong>IGMDP<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940, \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0942\u0932, \u0928\u093e\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928 (<strong>SLV-III<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 1980 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0923\u0940&#8217; \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> 1998 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094b\u0916\u0930\u0923-II<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f (2002\u20132007):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u0940\u092a\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u090f; \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>PURA<\/strong> (\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u092b \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930&#8221;<\/strong> (\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 <strong>&#8220;\u0907\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938&#8221;<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928 (1997), \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923 (1990) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923 (1981)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u091c\u0928 (1887\u20131920)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Number Theory)<\/strong>, \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 (Infinite series) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 (Continued fractions)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0940-\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (1729):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b <strong>\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 (Cubes)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>1729 = 1<sup>3 <\/sup>+ 12<sup>3 <\/sup>= 9<sup>3 <\/sup>+ 10<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong>.<sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><br>&#8211; <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093f\u0928, <strong>22 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938 (1893\u20131972)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (ISI)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0902\u091a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> (1956-61) \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932&#8217; \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0938 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940&#8217;<\/strong> (Mahalanobis Distance) \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>29 \u091c\u0942\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938&#8217; \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Life Sciences)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0932\u0940 (Salim Ali) (1896\u20131987)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 (Father of Indian Ornithology):<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0926 \u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938&#8221;<\/strong> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Birdwatching) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Taxonomy)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> (\u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong> &#8216;\u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0932 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0940&#8217; (BNHS) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930&#8217; (SACON)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 &#8216;\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u092b\u0902\u0921\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a&#8217; (TIFR) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928 (Exotoxins)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>DNA \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940&#8217; (CCMB) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c&#8217; (Probe)<\/strong> \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936 <\/strong>\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0932\u093e\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;DNA \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>\u0939\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e (Har Gobind Khorana):<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 (\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0930\u0949\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942. \u0939\u0949\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0932 \u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942. \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0942\u091f (Genetic Code)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>\u091c\u0940.\u090f\u0928. \u0930\u093e\u092e\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928 (G.N. Ramachandran):<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Molecular Biophysics)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u0942\u0924\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u092e\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0928 (Collagen) \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0928:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928 (Chromatin)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092c\u0940\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0940 (Birbal Sahni)<\/strong>:&nbsp;<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Paleobotany):<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 (<strong>Fossils<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Prehistoric flora)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u090f\u092e.\u090f\u0938. \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0925\u0928 (M.S. Swaminathan)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 (Father of the Indian Green Revolution):<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0942\u0932\u091a\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 (High-yielding varieties &#8211; HYV)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 (1987):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 (1967), \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923 (1972), \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923 (1989)\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928 (2024):<\/strong> \u092e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0921\u0949. \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 (1921\u20132012)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u092e\u0948\u0928&#8221;:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0921 (Operation Flood &#8211; 1970):<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (NDDB)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 &#8211; \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 (Milk Grid)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932 (AMUL) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u0948\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f&#8217; (Kaira District Cooperative) \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 &#8216;\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 (Cooperative marketing) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091a\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u092e. \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0948\u092f\u093e (1861\u20131962)<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927:<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 (Irrigation)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong>:<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (1903):<\/strong> \u090f\u0928\u0940\u0915\u091f (Weir) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u092a\u093e\u091f\u094b\u0902 (Floodgates) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0936\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928:<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e<\/strong>: \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1912 \u0938\u0947 1918 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0942\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>:<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0930 (1915):<\/strong> &#8216;\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0911\u092b \u0926 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u092f\u0930&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928 (1955):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091c\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<br>&#8211; <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924<\/strong>:&nbsp;<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0948\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f&#8217;<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0948\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917&#8217; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093f\u0928, <strong>15 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938&#8217; (Engineers&#8217; Day)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 (Women Scientists)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906<strong>\u0926\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0902\u0924 (Aditi Pant):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (1983-84) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0923\u093f (Anna Mani):<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u0930 \u0935\u0941\u092e\u0928&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (Solar radiation monitoring network)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u091a\u091f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 (Asima Chatterjee):<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 (<strong>Anti-malarial<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 (<strong>Anti-epileptic<\/strong>) \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 (1975) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0932 (Janaki Ammal):<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d (Cytogeneticist)<\/strong> \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<strong>\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u091f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 IISc \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094b\u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a.\u0921\u0940. (Ph.D.)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<strong>\u0936\u094b\u0927:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e\u094b\u0902 (Enzymes) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0936\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e, 1997) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 2003 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0916\u0926 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0925\u0949\u092e\u0938:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0935\u0941\u092e\u0928 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f-IV (Agni-IV)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f-V<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 (DRDO) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<strong>\u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u091c\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 <strong>IVF (\u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b \u092b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 <strong>\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0917\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092a \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0940 (Virologist):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0949\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0947\u0932\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924, \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 &#8220;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092d\u091f\u094d\u091f&#8221;, &#8220;\u0938\u0940. \u0935\u0940. \u0930\u092e\u0928&#8221;, &#8220;\u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e&#8221; \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u090f. \u092a\u0940. \u091c\u0947. \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092e&#8221; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"parent":161792,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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