{"id":163658,"date":"2026-04-23T18:49:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T13:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=163658"},"modified":"2026-04-24T21:44:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T16:14:25","slug":"satellites","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Satellites)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163658_07eee3-e3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/strong>(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e) \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e<\/strong> (\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Satellites): \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dcc799da0de2eef5f716024338f9c172\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"6\"><strong>A) \u092d\u093e\u0930\/\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 (Based on Mass)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>1000 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/td><td>GSAT \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>500\u20131000 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/td><td>INSAT-3DR (\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>100\u2013500 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/td><td>IMS-1 (Youthsat), IMS-2 (SARAL)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>10\u2013100 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/td><td>ISRO \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 Microsat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>1\u201310 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939: \u091c\u0941\u0917\u0928\u0942 (Jugnu) &#8211;<\/strong> IIT \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924;&nbsp;ISRO \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939: INS-1A \u0914\u0930 INS-1B<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>1 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0942\u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f (STUDSAT)<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0915\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>B)&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (LEO)<\/strong><\/td><td>200\u20132000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/td><td>Cartosat-2 (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (MEO)<\/strong><\/td><td>2000\u201335786 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/td><td>NavIC \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GEO)<\/strong><\/td><td>35786 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/td><td>INSAT-3DR (\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\"><strong>C)&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td>GSAT \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>NavIC<\/strong> (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \/ \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f-2<\/strong>, <strong>RISAT-1<\/strong> (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \/ \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f (ASTROSAT)<\/strong> &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (INSAT \/ GSAT \/ CMS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>\u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GEO)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 <strong>VSAT<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>INSAT (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939) \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (1982 \u0938\u0947)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>INSAT-4 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u091f\u0942-\u0939\u094b\u092e (DTH)<\/strong> \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>GSAT \u0914\u0930 CMS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (Transition)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GSAT \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (2001 \u0938\u0947):<\/strong> \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;INSAT&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 <strong>GSAT<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0941\u091f (High-throughput)<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CMS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (2020 \u0938\u0947):<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 2020 \u0938\u0947 <strong>CMS (Communication Management System) <\/strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-3 (EduSat)<\/strong><\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td><td>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Distance Education)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-7 (\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0923\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong>)<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f <strong>\u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-7A (\u090f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0921)<\/strong><\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>\u0939\u0935\u093e-\u0938\u0947-\u0939\u0935\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0939\u0935\u093e-\u0938\u0947-\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (<strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/strong>)<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Network-centric warfare)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-8<\/strong><\/td><td>2011<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 (<strong>GAGAN<\/strong>)<\/td><td>DTH \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 <strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0902\u0921\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-9<\/strong><\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 (<strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong>)<\/td><td>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-11<\/strong><\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/td><td>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (5,854 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e)<\/strong>; \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-30<\/strong><\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/td><td>INSAT-4A \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e; DTH \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CMS-01<\/strong><\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924-C \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f, \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e 42\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-24 (GSAT-N1)<\/strong><\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 DTH \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/td><td>24-Ku \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939; \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 (Tata Play) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0916\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c; \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 NSIL \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 (Demand-driven)<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2)<\/strong><\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)<\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (SpaceX) \u092b\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928-9<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924; \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 (In-flight connectivity) \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GSAT-7R (CMS-03)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2025<strong>(LVM3-M5)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 GTO \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (~4,400 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e);&nbsp;\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 (UHF, S, C \u0914\u0930 Ku-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921), \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Real-time communication)<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\/\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (IRS \/ EOS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits &#8211; SSPO)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930-1 (1979)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930-2 (1981)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 (IRS) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e 1988 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>IRS-1A<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\/\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Resourcesat (\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0938\u0948\u091f)<\/strong><\/td><td>Resourcesat-2 &amp; 2A<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><td>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cartosat (\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f)<\/strong><\/td><td>Cartosat-3 (2019)<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/td><td>\u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 3D \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Oceansat (\u0913\u0936\u0928\u0938\u0948\u091f)<\/strong><\/td><td>Oceansat-3 (EOS-06) &#8211; 2022<\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceansat-3A&nbsp;(<strong>PSLV N1<\/strong>\/EOS-10)&nbsp;<\/td><td>HAL\/L&amp;T \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 <strong>PSLV-N1<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f EOS-06 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RISAT \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (Radar Imaging)<\/strong><\/td><td>RISAT-1A (EOS-04), RISAT-2B &amp; RISAT-2BR1<\/td><td><strong>\u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Radar Imaging):<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u094b\u0902 (\u0926\u093f\u0928\/\u0930\u093e\u0924) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"7\"><strong>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 EOS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (Modern EOS Series &#8211; \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915)<\/strong><\/td><td>EOS-01 (\u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2020)<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-04 (RISAT-1A, \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 2022)<\/td><td>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-06 (Oceansat-3, \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2022)- PSLV-C54&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e <\/strong>\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-07 (Microsat-2B, \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 2023) &#8211; SSLV-D2<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-08 (\u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2024) &#8211; SSLV-D3<\/td><td>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 (EOIR) \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 (GNSS-R) \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-N1 (\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093e)<\/td><td>\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2026, \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOS-10 (Oceansat-3A)<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2026&nbsp;<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>NISAR\/GSLV-<\/strong><strong>F16&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b-\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/td><td>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>L-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>S-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/strong> \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e-\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 (NISAR) \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940-\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Dual-frequency)<\/strong> \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e <strong>L-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 SAR<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u093e <strong>S-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 SAR<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923:<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947 <strong>GSLV Mk-II (GSLV-F16)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (747 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong>: \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092aSAR (SweepSAR) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u2192 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0916\u094b\u090f <strong>\u092c\u0940\u092e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u2192 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0923\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f (Polarimetric) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f (Interferometric) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 12 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 (Revisit) \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> 12-\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f (Deployable) \u092e\u0947\u0936 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0942\u092e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 9-\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0942\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0922\u0939\u0928\u093e, \u092d\u0942\u0915\u0902\u092a, \u092d\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0916\u0932\u0928, \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940:<\/strong> \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930, \u092d\u0942\u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0942-\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092a\u091f\u0940 (Crust) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0924\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e (TRISHNA): \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0964<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924) \u0914\u0930 <strong>CNES (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938:<\/strong> \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0932\/\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (LST) \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f:<\/strong> \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941:<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0947, \u0932\u0942 (Heatwaves) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 <\/strong>\u092a\u0930 \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 (Payloads):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>TIR \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f + \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f-\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 (50\u201360 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f:<\/strong> 3 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f, \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0925\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Landsat 9 (NASA + USGS) &#8211;<\/strong> \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 2021 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924; \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sentinel \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (ESA &#8211; \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e) &#8211; <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0932-6 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u093f\u091a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2020 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924; <strong>\u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Radar Altimetry)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0932-1C &amp; 2C<\/strong> \u2013 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0932-6B \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (SpaceX) \u092b\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928-9<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA), \u090f\u0928\u0913\u090f\u090f (NOAA), \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f (ESA), \u092f\u0942\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938\u0948\u091f (Eumetsat), \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0908\u090f\u0938 (CNES) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908, \u0932\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gaofen \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (\u091a\u0940\u0928)<\/strong> &#8211; 2020\u20132023 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GOSAT-2 (Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite) &#8211; JAXA (\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928) &#8211; <\/strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939; \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KOMPSAT-6 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e)<\/strong> (2022).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0932-6B \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930-\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (SpaceX) \u092b\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928-9<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA), \u090f\u0928\u0913\u090f\u090f (NOAA), \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f (ESA), \u092f\u0942\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0938\u0948\u091f (Eumetsat), \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0908\u090f\u0938 (CNES) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908, \u0932\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Navigation Satellites)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (Positioning)<\/strong>, <strong>\u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 (Navigation)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Timing)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 (PNT) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 (Global)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f (Regional)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GPS<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948, <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b (Galileo)<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0926\u0941 (BeiDou)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (MEO)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (NavIC, QZSS \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Global Systems)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (GPS)<\/td><td>31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (GLONASS)<\/td><td>24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (BDS)<\/td><td>35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u0948\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b (Galileo)<\/td><td>26<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Regional navigation systems)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940-\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0925 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (<strong>QZSS<\/strong>): <strong>\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NavIC<\/strong> (\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928): <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KPS<\/strong> (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e): <strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> (\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO) \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0921\u094d\u0921\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IRNSS \/ NavIC (\u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915):<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 (National Positioning Services) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0917\u0928 (GAGAN):<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0921\u094d\u0921\u092f\u0928 (Civil Aviation) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f GPS \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 (GEMINI):<\/strong> \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 (NavIC &#8211; \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (ISRO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093e\u092e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0940\u091c\u0928\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (IRNSS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c: <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 <strong>1,500 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Constellation) \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>: \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 <strong>7 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 11 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> \u2013 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GEO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> \u2013 \u092d\u0942-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GSO)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901: <\/strong>\u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e (SPS):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e (RS):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u0942\u091f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 (Encrypted)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (Recent Developments)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (NVS \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e) <\/strong>&#8211;<strong> <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong> (Second-generation) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NVS-01: <\/strong>2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>GSLV Mk-II (GSLV-F12)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u2192 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0918\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L1 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;L1 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921&#8217; \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 <strong>GNSS<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NVS-02:<\/strong> \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>GSLV-F15<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u2192 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 7 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 4 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0925\u0947)\u0964<strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NVS-03 (2026 \u0924\u0915 &#8211; GSLV-F17)<\/strong>, NVS-04 \u0914\u0930 NVS-05 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IMO \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (IMO) \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (WWRNS)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f GPS \u0914\u0930 GLONASS \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f NavIC \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928:<\/strong> 2025 \u0938\u0947 \u2192 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u09641 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 <strong>5G \u092b\u094b\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0940 <strong>\u0928\u0949\u0928-5G (4G)<\/strong> \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 1,500 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 <strong>3,000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GINS):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (GINS)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (MEO)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"421\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image65-1.png\" alt=\"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940\" class=\"wp-image-141475\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image65-1.png 662w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image65-1-600x382.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image65-1-300x191.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u0917\u0928 (GAGAN &#8211; GPS \u090f\u0921\u0947\u0921 GEO \u0911\u0917\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> (SBAS)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (AAI)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0921\u094d\u0921\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Air Traffic Management)<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 SBAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0940\u092f (Interoperable)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932-\u0907\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 (SIS):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>GSAT-8<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>GSAT-10<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 (GEMINI &#8211; \u0917\u0917\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938), \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> AAI + ISRO + <strong>INCOIS <\/strong>(\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u0917\u0917\u0928&#8217; (GAGAN) \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Services)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091f:<\/strong> \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0924, \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f (Coverage):<\/strong> \u0917\u0917\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 <strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u091b\u0941\u0906\u0930\u0947, \u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 (\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 &#8220;\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f&#8221; \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Interplanetary Missions):<\/strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e, \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932, \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Moon Missions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (India\u2019s Moon Missions)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163658_43b884-46{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_43b884-46 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_43b884-46 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_43b884-46 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163658_43b884-46 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163658_43b884-46\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_8c84b9-69\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_6d2cfd-18\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_b1f385-d8\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_4d5105-a4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_302223-a0\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_0d179f-24\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_1828c4-d6\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_fb9ad2-88\">\n\n<p>2008<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_ead917-a3\">\n\n<p>2019<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_50dd06-a9\">\n\n<p>2023<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_21d524-22\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_bf76eb-03\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_14deb8-38\">\n\n<p>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_8e5f6d-6c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_5cc61e-25\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0925\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (In-situ) \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_4dceac-b3\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_049ca8-04\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_5a4386-70\">\n\n<p>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_64b604-ae\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930, \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930 (\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e), \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e5670c-40\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (Propulsion Module), \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930, \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_af2633-fb\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_4dcc36-5b\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_928d7b-a9\">\n\n<p>PSLV C11<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_8530b8-4f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GSLV MkIII-M1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_767318-52\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LVM3 M4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_399bc1-9b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_86d789-5c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_4c6384-be\">\n\n<p>\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_0dd226-28\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (<strong>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_42e76f-f6\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (<strong>\u0936\u093f\u0935 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f<\/strong>) &#8211; <strong>23 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924<\/strong> (\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_2401ee-57\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_958187-a2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_622e8e-8b\">\n\n<p>MIP (\u092e\u0942\u0928 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_754041-69\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-2 \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (CLASS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930 (XSM)\\<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093c \u090f\u091f\u092e\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0930 2 (CHACE 2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_356b6a-7c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932:<\/strong> SHAPE (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u0939\u0948\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925);&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930:<\/strong> ChaSTE (\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f), ILSA (\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0932\u0942\u0928\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940), RAMBHA (\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u090f\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0949\u092e\u0940 \u0911\u092b \u092e\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u090f\u091f\u092e\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u092f\u0930);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930:<\/strong> APXS (\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930), LIBS (\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_cae4e7-1b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_7ad757-3d\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_660f73-e8\">\n\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_80facb-91\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_78ae01-22\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0949\u092a (HOP) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_3e2764-7f\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_36154c-d3\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_1fbbba-45\">\n\n<p>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_30a957-14\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (Exosphere), \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_340613-30\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f:<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0930 (\u0917\u0902\u0927\u0915) \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (In-situ) \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f (Thermal Anomaly):<\/strong> ChaSTE \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 70\u00b0C \u0925\u093e (\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 20-30\u00b0C \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940)\u0964\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 (Topsoil) \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 (Insulator) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-3 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u2192 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f-\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 <\/strong>\u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<strong> \u091a\u094c\u0925\u093e<\/strong> <strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong> (\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, USSR, \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u2192 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f-\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 <\/strong>\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-4 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Future Moon Missions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-4 (2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u0948\u0902\u092a\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915:<\/strong> \u090f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (AM), \u0921\u093f\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (DM), \u0930\u0940-\u090f\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (RM), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (TM) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (PM)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 LVM3<\/strong> \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-5\/\u0932\u0941\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 (LUPEX &#8211; \u0932\u0942\u0928\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u091c\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e (JAXA)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 2026 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> <strong>JAXA<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e <strong>\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b <strong>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Manned Moon Landing):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 <strong>2040<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 <strong>NGLV (\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e)<\/strong> \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Moon Missions of Other Countries)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163658_9d60fc-dc{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_9d60fc-dc th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_9d60fc-dc caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_9d60fc-dc td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163658_9d60fc-dc wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163658_9d60fc-dc\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_4cb081-ae\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_f6c7ef-73\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_aa0824-41\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_e5e8e7-40\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_fecee0-b1\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Artemis Mission &#8211; NASA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_931927-0d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> ESA, JAXA \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (CSA) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938 (Lunar Base) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938-1 (2022):<\/strong> <strong>&#8216;\u0913\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928&#8217; (Orion) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938-2 (2026):<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (\u0932\u0942\u0928\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908\u092c\u093e\u0908)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938-3 (2027):<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938-4 (2028):<\/strong> \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928, <strong>&#8216;\u0932\u0942\u0928\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0947&#8217;<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_ae2ae4-12\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_7a1be0-f2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (Chang\u2019e Program &#8211; \u091a\u0940\u0928)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_c8605c-26\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 (CNSA) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0908 4 (2019):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 (Far Side)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0908 5 (2020):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0908 6 (2024):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 (Far Side)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u094b\u0932\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 (\u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2.5 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917-\u0908 7 (2026-27):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 (\u0905\u0902\u0927\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u0921\u094d\u0922\u094b\u0902) \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0939\u0949\u092a\u0930&#8217; (Hopper)<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_36f6ab-c2\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_c9d9d9-b5\">\n\n<p><strong>ILRS (\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e29236-f3\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938<\/strong> \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>ILRS<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2030-2035 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 (\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924) \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_0d3699-ab\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_a82ca0-a5\">\n\n<p><strong>SLIM (\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0917\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0942\u0928) &#8211; \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_ce12e1-c9\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u092e\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930&#8221;<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 (Mantle)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0936\u093f\u0913\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 (Shioli Crater) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928, \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f-\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0935\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928 (SELENE &#8211; \u0915\u093e\u0917\u0941\u092f\u093e) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928-2 (\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_5f64ba-09\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_4bf074-2f\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0940\u091f (Beresheet &#8211; \u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_0db141-03\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 (2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_f572a1-d7\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_36c42c-59\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0942\u0928\u093e-25 (Luna-25 &#8211; \u0930\u0942\u0938)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_200499-e1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938 (Roscosmos \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924) \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_6d1087-97\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_624e8b-28\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0926-2 (Rashid-2 &#8211; UAE)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_d597a4-8c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b 2026 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940\/\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917\u2019\u0908-5, \u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917\u2019\u0908-6 (\u091a\u0940\u0928), \u0905\u092a\u094b\u0932\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e), \u0932\u0942\u0928\u093e 16, 20, 24 \u0914\u0930 25 (\u0930\u0942\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Solar Missions)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f-L1 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (2023)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e-\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> <strong>\u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 L1<\/strong> (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 ~15 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 <strong>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 (\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923\/\u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a, \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> CME (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0907\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928) <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L1 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0911\u0928-\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921\u094d\u0938: \u0915\u0941\u0932 7<\/strong> (ISRO \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 5 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 2)\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u090f\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b (VELC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a (SUIT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0932\u094b \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 X-\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (SoLEXS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 L1 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 X-\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (HEL1OS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928-\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0942 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (ASPEX)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f (PAPA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 ESA \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c-3 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (ESA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> PSLV-XL (<strong>PSLV-C59<\/strong>), ISRO \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2014 \u0905\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0940 (Apogee) &#8211; \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 60,000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928-\u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (IOD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/strong>\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Proba-1 (2001)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u0939 ESA \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0926\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u2192 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u2192 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Important Solar Missions)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163658_d706d4-d7{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_d706d4-d7 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_d706d4-d7 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_d706d4-d7 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163658_d706d4-d7 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163658_d706d4-d7\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_720379-ec\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_b3fe0e-a5\">\n\n<p>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 <\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_df2707-41\">\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 <\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_f1784d-8f\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_06e327-b7\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 (SOHO &#8211; \u0938\u094b\u0939\u094b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_93fcde-41\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NASA \u0914\u0930 ESA <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947<strong> (1995)<\/strong>\u0964\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b (Coronagraph)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_820b2c-42\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_0b4d89-4c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 (SolO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_d8ce30-52\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NASA \u0914\u0930 ESA2020<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>7 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f <\/strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947<strong> \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_ec2fda-b5\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_63c42c-55\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c (Parker Solar Probe)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_3be5de-55\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NASA \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <strong>2018 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> 2021 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e (\u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0916\u094b\u091c:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>&#8220;\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930&#8221;<\/strong> \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 (rearrangement) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_152465-19\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_651e99-6f\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b (STEREO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_336d95-a1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 (STEREO) \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NASA<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 2006 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <strong>STEREO-A<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>STEREO-B<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u094b \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0928, <strong>SOHO<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 (SDO)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930, <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 (3D) \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_bd1e51-e2\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e76227-9d\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0941\u092b\u0942-1 (Kuafu)-1 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e3a72c-df\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e (solar observatory)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e <strong>2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_00daa1-7e\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_0c0d2b-9b\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f L-1&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_eab9f0-0a\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_49ef0f-c2\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_6ffe3b-4d\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0932 (SMILE &#8211; Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_2143f7-93\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (ESA) <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> \u091a\u0940\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 (Solar wind) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (Magnetosphere)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_91e793-57\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_510a55-2c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c (SunRISE &#8211; 2024)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_012454-02\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong> \u0938\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0938\u0948\u091f (CubeSats)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 (Solar radio bursts) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e (Space weather)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_4c4696-0d\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e65030-a0\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0939\u0947-2 (Xihe-2 &#8211; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 2026-28)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_1f14a0-f3\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>L5 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (L5 Lagrange Point)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_b0868c-bd\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_15a164-b8\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0908\u092e\u0948\u092a (IMAP &#8211; Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_2678d6-41\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA)\u0964<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092b\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928 9 (SpaceX Falcon 9)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> <strong>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 (Heliosphere)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 15 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 <strong>L1 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940-\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_e71b9e-ca\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_4cf5dd-4a\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0902\u091a (PUNCH &#8211; 2025\/26)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_cf2b94-ae\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0932\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u091f\u0942 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0926 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0932-\u0938\u0948\u091f&#8217; (Small-sat) \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e (Solar corona) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940&#8221; (Missing link)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Venus Missions)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b (ISRO) \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2028 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 2013 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 (\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f)<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932, \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Interaction) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921-\u092a\u0947\u0928\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 (\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u0940 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930)<\/strong> \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928-1 \u0915\u094b <strong>GSLV Mk II<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>GSLV Mk III (LVM3)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Aerobraking)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 <strong>19 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902: 16 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f, 2 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f-\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 1 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S-\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 (VSAR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 (VSEAM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (LIVE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930-\u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 (VETHICA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u090f\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 (VARTISS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 (VEDA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (VIPER)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0949\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0930 (VeRad)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (VODEX)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0915 (VISWAS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (RAVI)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0921\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VIRAL (\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u090f\u091f\u092e\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915\u0930)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163658_c51828-e4{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_c51828-e4 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_c51828-e4 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_c51828-e4 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163658_c51828-e4 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163658_c51828-e4\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_99815a-9a\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_596634-e4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Major Venus Missions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_df588e-24\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_5882a6-6e\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_060fa0-de\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA &#8211; \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_f3ad5c-58\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0948\u0930\u093f\u0928\u0930 2 (Mariner 2):<\/strong> 1962 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e (Flyby) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 1 (Pioneer Venus 1) (1978):<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0948\u0917\u0932\u0928 (Magellan) (1989):<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928DAVINCI:<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VERITAS:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 2031 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0917\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HAVOC (\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 (Airships) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_3a059c-f8\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_6786ca-0f\">\n\n<p><strong>ESA &#8211; \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_f4f7d4-34\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 (Venus Express):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 2005 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0928\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928 (EnVision):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938, \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 2031 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_c6b963-d4\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_8d1e59-5f\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 (JAXA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_f10e12-13\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0915\u0940 (Akatsuki)<\/strong> &#8211; 2010 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_8fd1e4-e6\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_c06f44-b9\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_05ce41-20\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093e (Venera &#8211; 1963)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e (Vega)<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_fc3c14-73\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_b41c54-9c\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928 (CNSA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_e23fe9-14\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>VOICE (\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0938 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094b \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0930)<\/strong> &#8211; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 2026 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 2027 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Interplanetary Missions)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Important Mars Missions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\/\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\/\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (2028-2030)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 (ISRO)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0928-1 (2013):<\/strong> (\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924) \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0928-2:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0942\u090f\u0938\u090f (NASA)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Perseverance (\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938), Curiosity (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940):<\/strong> \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930\u0964 <strong>MAVEN:<\/strong> (\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u0917\u092f\u093e)\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0948\u0902\u092a\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 (Mars Sample Return):<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928 (CNSA)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0906\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0928-1 (2021):<\/strong> \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 + <strong>\u091d\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0917 (Zhurong)<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u0924\u093f\u0906\u0928\u0935\u0947\u0928-3 (Tianwen-3):<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 (Sample Return) \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a (ESA)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 (TGO):<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0940\u0925\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u091c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 (Rosalind Franklin): <\/strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Other important Missions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163658_455a8c-66{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_455a8c-66 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_455a8c-66 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163658_455a8c-66 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163658_455a8c-66 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163658_455a8c-66\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_253d07-b1\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_96a851-8c\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_5ec321-11\">\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_93b511-5b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_fb9755-7e\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_c0adc9-55\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_624511-ee\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_c1e79e-06\">\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0942\u0938\u0940 (JUICE &#8211; \u091c\u0941\u092a\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0930) \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_91b345-72\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (ESA) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 &#8211; <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0917\u0947\u0928\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b<\/strong> &#8211; \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 (Habitat)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;<strong>\u0917\u0947\u0928\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921&#8217;<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_7a46fa-d1\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_57ba90-92\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0913\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0938-\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 (OSIRIS-REx)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_3e54d1-da\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 2016 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0942&#8217; (Bennu)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 4.5 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Genesis)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_88f96f-05\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_24e1e2-ed\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f (DART &#8211; \u0921\u092c\u0932 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0949\u092f\u0921 \u0930\u093f\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_b547f6-c1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e (NASA)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0949\u092a\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923:<\/strong> \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2021\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Planetary Defense)&#8221; \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u092c\u0942\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Trajectory)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> <strong>\u0921\u093f\u0921\u093f\u092e\u0949\u0938 (Didymos)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f-\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (\u0921\u093f\u0921\u093f\u092e\u0949\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e (<strong>\u0921\u093f\u092e\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0938<\/strong>) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u092e\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Orbit) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u092f\u093e\u092c \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (ESA) \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0939\u0947\u0930\u093e (Hera)<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u091f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_73bb4f-9b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_5f9e06-42\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Lucy Mission &#8211; NASA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_aa3677-4e\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 <strong>\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 2021 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u090f\u091f\u0932\u0938 V \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0936\u0949\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935&#8217; (Slingshot effect)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e (Gravity Assist) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163658_6a40f7-ba\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_fcf0ea-27\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 (Cassini Spacecraft)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163658_42a179-25\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong> <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e<\/strong> (NASA), \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (<strong>ESA<\/strong>) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0907\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/strong> (ASI) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923:<\/strong> 15 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1997; \u092f\u0939 2004 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0936\u0928\u093f (Saturn) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0930 (NASA):<\/strong> \u0936\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0928\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c (ESA):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 2005 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0928&#8217; (Titan)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f (2025)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0942\u0928 2025:<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Descent) \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091b\u0935\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0926 \u0921\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094d\u0921&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 2025:<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0921\u0941\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0907\u0936\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":0,"parent":161792,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-163658","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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