{"id":163464,"date":"2026-04-23T13:52:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T08:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=163464"},"modified":"2026-04-24T11:20:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:50:13","slug":"space-technology-for-ras-prelims","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/space-technology-for-ras-prelims\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e) : \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> <strong>: \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 <\/a>\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u0949\u092a\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/space-technology-for-ras-prelims\/#orbit\">\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Orbit)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/rocket-propulsion\/\">\u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 (Rocket Propulsion)<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Satellites)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Observatories)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0932\u092c\u093e, \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948; RAS Mains \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/space-technology-satellites-and-their-orbits\/\">\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id163464_1534ba-b3 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a7e0b277ae442ee1efcc9d929d3ab837\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>13.8 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 (1380 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c) \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0938\u0918\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 (Singularity)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong>\u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>\u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Cosmological Inflation)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 (Evidence)<\/strong>: \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 (CMB) \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 &#8216;\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940&#8217; (Afterglow) \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Hubble&#8217;s Law):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163089\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image77-4.webp 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>95%<\/strong> \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u0947\u0937 <strong>5%<\/strong> \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 <strong>\u092b\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0913\u0928\u093f\u0915 (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f) \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 (Dark Energy)<\/td><td>68%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 (Dark Matter)<\/td><td>27%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/td><td>5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u0941\u0932<\/td><td>100%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 (Dark Matter &#8211; \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925&#8217;)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 (Detect) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 (Dark Energy &#8211; &#8216;\u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&#8217;)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>25 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 (Accelerating)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f\u092e\u092f\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u092c\u0932 (Repulsive force)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f-\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923&#8217;<\/strong> (Anti-gravity) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 (Expansionary)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940, \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0938\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u091c\u0948\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, <strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Theory of Relativity)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Newton&#8217;s Laws of Motion)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e &#8211; Law of Inertia):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0932 <\/strong>\u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e &#8211; Law of Acceleration):<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 (Rate of change of momentum)<\/strong> \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902: <strong>F = m \u00d7 a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 (Propulsion)<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0942\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0928\u093e (Recoil) \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Kepler\u2019s Laws)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 <strong>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938 (Focus)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0947\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 (Area)<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u092c \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e):<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (Orbital Period)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Semi-major axis)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902: <strong>T2 \u221d r3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"384\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image93.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163095\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image93.jpg 384w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image93-300x167.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"347\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1.jpg 347w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image76-1-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (General Theory of Relativity)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 <strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <strong>1915<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0908 <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u0932&#8217; \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e), \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Space-time)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Curvature)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 &#8216;\u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932&#8217; \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u092b\u0948\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915:<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915 (Continuum)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong> \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Gravitational Lensing):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Time Dilation):<\/strong> \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0918\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 (Gravitational Waves):<\/strong> \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092d \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0902 (Ripples)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Gravitational Lensing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936<\/strong>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\/\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932) \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 <em>(\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1919 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940)<\/em>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 <strong>\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924&#8217;<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940 &#8211; \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Space-time)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 (Magnify) \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0924 (Distort) \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932 (\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"509\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image59-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163097\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image59-8.png 509w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image59-8-300x176.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 509px) 100vw, 509px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Strong Lensing):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u0902\u092c, \u091a\u093e\u092a \u092f\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917&#8217; (Einstein Rings)<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Weak Lensing):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930 (\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Microlensing):<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u091f\u0930<\/strong>, <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u0941\u0902\u0927\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 (Gravitational Waves)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d-\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Space-time)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u0932\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092d (Ripples)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947) \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>1916 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2015 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 (LIGO)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 (LIGO)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>4 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 <strong>\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 (Mirrors)<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LIGO \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (IndIGO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f-\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 <\/strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0902\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 <strong>2,600 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0947<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 <strong>2030<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928: \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917\u091f\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 <strong>&#8216;\u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0917\u094b&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e (KAGRA)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u094c\u0925\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DAE)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094b \u0932\u0947\u092c\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e (LISA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LISA<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>LISA \u092a\u093e\u0925\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (<strong>ESA<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>NASA<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>eLISA:<\/strong> &#8216;\u0907\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e&#8217; (eLISA) \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8220;\u092e\u0926\u0930&#8221; (\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b <strong>&#8220;\u0921\u0949\u091f\u0930&#8221; (\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915)<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932 (Geotail &#8211; \u092d\u0942-\u092a\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 (Deflecting) \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 (\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091b \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>&#8216;\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932&#8217; (Geotail)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"761\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image96-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-163099\" style=\"width:450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image96-3-1.png 761w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image96-3-1-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image96-3-1-600x415.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>\u092d\u0942-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928 (Geomagnetic Storms)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 (Magnetosphere)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u092d (Disturbances), \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092d\u0942-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>G1 (\u0932\u0918\u0941)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 <strong>G5 (\u091a\u0930\u092e\/\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930)<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0907\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 (CMEs):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f <strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0902\u0915 (Sunspot)<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>1 \u0938\u0947 3 \u0926\u093f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Solar Flares):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 <strong>8 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0942-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0920\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"orbit\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-898b012f45fb084f4a360d5ae34f065d\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Orbit)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0925 (Curved path) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928) \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 (Gravitational Force):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932 (Centripetal Force)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Inertia):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932 (Centrifugal Force)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0932 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Orbit)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-163428\" style=\"width:800px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image35-8.png 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Orbit based on Altitude)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163464_b7186a-0e{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_b7186a-0e th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_b7186a-0e caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_b7186a-0e td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163464_b7186a-0e wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163464_b7186a-0e\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_d31d67-97\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_99c162-bd\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_921da8-c2\">\n\n<p><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 (\u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_378cff-b4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_6ae096-85\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Applications)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_5b482a-ef\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_02eedc-c5\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (LEO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_c84967-12\">\n\n<p>160 &#8211; 2,000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_3296dc-5a\">\n\n<p>90 \u0938\u0947 120 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_27d267-1d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928, \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u091c\u093e\u0938\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0923\u0940, RISAT-2B, EOS-01)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: ISS, \u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902\u0917)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\/\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915, \u0935\u0928\u0935\u0947\u092c, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0907\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f)\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong> LEO \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (Constellations)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0939\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a, \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_5ea78a-94\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_ff7067-a7\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (MEO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_e58eb9-bf\">\n\n<p>2,000 &#8211; 35,786 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_481329-ff\">\n\n<p>2 \u0938\u0947 12 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_1f3744-4c\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (GNSS):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>PNT (\u092a\u094b\u091c\u0940\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>GPS<\/strong> (\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e), <strong>GLONASS<\/strong> (\u0930\u0942\u0938), <strong>Galileo<\/strong> (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a), <strong>BeiDou<\/strong> (\u091a\u0940\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u092f\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>12 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939:<\/strong> \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Low-latency)<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><strong>SES O3b<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>O3b mPOWER<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_76d3c6-28\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_3cfea7-c7\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (HEO)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_191ef8-87\">\n\n<p>&gt; 35,786 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092f\u093e 22,236 \u092e\u0940\u0932<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_b2b885-2c\">\n\n<p>&gt; 24 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 (\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930)<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_9eb837-f1\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Broadcasting) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u0905\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Redundancy) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: GSAT \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: <strong>TESS<\/strong> &#8211; \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 (Surveillance)<\/strong>, \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Special Cases)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0942-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Geo-Synchronous Orbit &#8211; GSO)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (<strong>23 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 56 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f 4 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908:<\/strong> \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>35,786 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 <strong>INSAT<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>GSAT<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Geostationary Orbit &#8211; GEO)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0942-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 (0\u00b0 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<\/strong> \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940, \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>INSAT<\/strong> (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924), <strong>GOES<\/strong> (\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e), <strong>Himawari<\/strong> (\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 <strong>Meteosat<\/strong> (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (GNSS) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0942-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0942-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image46-4.png\" alt=\"Space technology : Satellites and their orbits\" class=\"wp-image-140240\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image46-4.png 678w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image46-4-600x290.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image46-4-300x145.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image49-2-1.png\" alt=\"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-140243\" style=\"width:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image49-2-1.png 256w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image49-2-1-127x300.png 127w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Polar Orbit)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (LEO)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 (Altitude):<\/strong> 200 &#8211; 1,000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928, <strong>\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 <\/strong>(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0907\u0930\u093f\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Sun-Synchronous Orbit &#8211; SSO)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u092f (Local Time)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 (Altitude):<\/strong> 600 &#8211; 800 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u0948\u091f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0913\u0936\u0928\u0938\u0948\u091f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0930\u0932 (SARAL)<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"532\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-102.png\" alt=\"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-163450\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-102.png 532w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-102-284x300.png 284w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Transfer Orbits)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 <strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 (Intermediate)<\/strong> \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Eccentricity)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: GTO&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Geostationary Transfer Orbit &#8211; GTO)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b LEO \u092f\u093e MEO \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u0942-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (GEO)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 5 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0928 9 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u0915\u093e <strong>GSAT-31<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u094b\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Hohmann Transfer Orbit):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 <strong>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Elliptical)<\/strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (Interplanetary travel)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image26-6.png\" alt=\"Space technology : Satellites and their orbits\" class=\"wp-image-140250\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image26-6.png 640w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image26-6-600x503.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image26-6-300x251.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 (Lagrange Point Orbits)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 (\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092c\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094b \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932 (Centripetal Force)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932:<\/strong> 5 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u2192 L1, L2, L3 <strong>(\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930)<\/strong>; L4, L5 <strong>(\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container163464_f55e76-1d{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_f55e76-1d th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_f55e76-1d caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table163464_f55e76-1d td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container163464_f55e76-1d wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table163464_f55e76-1d\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_255d71-d9\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_4add82-bb\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_4931a3-85\">\n\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_121f83-27\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_bb325c-a3\">\n\n<p><strong>L1 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_32240f-6f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong><strong>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0927\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>SOHO<\/strong>, <strong>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f-L1<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_6a31b3-e6\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_e30e60-a5\">\n\n<p><strong>L2 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_9ab858-3f\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 L1 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 <strong>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u092c \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a<\/strong>, <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0921<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_f13994-cf\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_814b3f-cd\">\n\n<p><strong>L3 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_6a90dc-ba\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L3, L2 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u0939 L1 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row163464_39755a-3b\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_514f4f-43\">\n\n<p><strong>L4 &amp; L5 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data163464_2c5ad7-09\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 (<strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0949\u092f\u0921<\/strong>) \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Halo Orbit)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>L1, L2<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>L3<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u092e\u0940\u092f (3D)<\/strong>, \u0932\u0942\u092a \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: <strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u092c \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a<\/strong>, <strong>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f L-1<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Heliocentric Orbits)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image33-5.png\" alt=\"\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-140253\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image33-5.png 778w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image33-5-600x438.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image33-5-300x219.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image33-5-768x561.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Orbital Decay)<\/strong>: \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (LEO) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Atmospheric Drag)<\/strong> \u092f\u093e \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0947 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 (Reentry) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091c\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (K\u00e1rm\u00e1n Line)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0932 \u0938\u0947 <strong>100 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (62 \u092e\u0940\u0932)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Outer Space)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928-\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 <strong>\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0921\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e : \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u0907\u0938\u0930\u094b \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0930\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 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