{"id":162116,"date":"2026-04-16T16:00:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T10:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=162116"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:31:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T08:01:57","slug":"biotechnology-trends-and-applications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 <\/a>\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id162116_d9cdaf-a7 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-613e045d48e820cef0e585f1308e76c1\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Cloning)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 ( \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 <\/strong>\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Types of Cloning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Vectors)<\/strong> &#8211; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941\u092d\u094b\u091c\u0940 (Phages) &#8211; \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u091c \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong>, <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u091c\u0928\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Reproductive Cloning)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e (Donor)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer &#8211; <strong>SCNT<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0940 (Dolly) \u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e (\u092e\u0942\u0932) \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong>, \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923 (Disease modeling) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (SCNT) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SCNT \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917&#8221;<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> (Reproductive Cloning) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 (\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 (Nucleus) \u090f\u0915 <em>\u090f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u090f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u090f\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0932<\/em> (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e, \u092c\u093e\u0932, \u0928\u093e\u0916\u0942\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2013 \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 (Enucleation)<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e (Donor) \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930<\/strong>: \u0938\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u090f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0923 (Activation)<\/strong>: \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 (Electric Pulse) \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong>: \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930<strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f<\/strong> (Blastocyst) \u2013 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u2013 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f (Surrogate) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Therapeutic Cloning \/ Stem Cell Therapy):<\/strong> \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162049\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>SCNT \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u092a\u093e\u0926\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0921\u0949\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c<\/strong> (1996) \u2013 SCNT \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940 (Mammal)<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090a\u0924\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u0947\u0937\u091c \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0902\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 SCNT \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2009<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 <strong>\u0928\u0926\u0940\u092f <\/strong>\u092d\u0948\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e<strong> \u092c\u091b\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/strong> (<strong>\u092e\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932<\/strong>)\u0964<strong>\u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 <strong>\u092d\u0948\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u091b\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/td><td>ICAR\u2013NDRI, Karnal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2023<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 <strong>\u0917\u093e\u092f<\/strong> (<strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932<\/strong>)\u0964<\/td><td>ICAR\u2013NDRI, Karnal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5-1024x664.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162051\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5-1024x664.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5-300x194.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5-768x498.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5-600x389.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image7-5.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Innovations)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092e\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (HMC):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 SCNT \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0913\u0935\u092e \u092a\u093f\u0915-\u0905\u092a (OPU):<\/strong> \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u0917\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0902\u091b<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;\u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u092a (Unified Genomic Chip)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924: <strong>\u092a\u0936\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DAHD), \u092a\u0936\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0948\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u0938\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u2018\u0917\u094c \u091a\u093f\u092a\u2019<\/strong> \u2013 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8216;\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0937 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u2019<\/strong> \u2013 \u092d\u0948\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c-\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932 (Raj-Sheetal)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 (Details)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u091b\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/strong> (Horse Foal\ufeff), \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u0921 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u093e (2019)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 + \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 + \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940<\/strong> \u00d7 <strong>\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ICAR \u2013 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (NRCE), \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 (Synchronized Surrogate Mare) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906; \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 \/ \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Surrogacy)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0902\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 (\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 (Embryo implantation)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u0930 <strong>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 (Sperm)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0926\u093e <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \/ \u0921\u093f\u0902\u092c (Ovum\/Egg)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 (\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924) \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928) \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0936\u092f (Uterus)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: <strong>\u0926\u094b<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 (Altruistic Surrogacy):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0906\u0935\u091c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 (Commercial Surrogacy):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 (\u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e) \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e (Legal Framework)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 (\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2021<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 (Altruistic) \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0902\u092a\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 (\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 21-55 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 23-50 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937) \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0902\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\/\u092c\u093e\u0902\u091d\u092a\u0928 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \/ \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0936\u0941\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0902 (35-45 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941) \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 (Excluded):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f (NRI), \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e (Single parents), \u0932\u093f\u0935-\u0907\u0928 (Live-in) \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 LGBTQ+ \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e (25-35 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u091f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u092a\u0930 <strong>10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u091c\u0928\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (ART) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2021<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0908\u0935\u0940\u090f\u092b (IVF) \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, <strong>\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0928 (Gamete donation)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 ART \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e &#8216;\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0921\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (MDT)\/\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u092a\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-container162116_d9b068-27{overflow-x:auto;}.kb-table-container .kb-table162116_d9b068-27 th{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table162116_d9b068-27 caption{text-align:center;}.kb-table-container .kb-table162116_d9b068-27 td{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxs, 0.5rem);text-align:left;}<\/style><div class=\"kb-table-container kb-table-container162116_d9b068-27 wp-block-kadence-table\"><table class=\"kb-table kb-table162116_d9b068-27\">\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_b711ce-bf\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_48a4ef-de\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_07971e-96\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 (Details)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_9fb7af-f8\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_854776-57\">\n\n<p><strong>MDT \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_a34009-55\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MDT \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e + \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e) <strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Conception) \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_4de586-0e\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_ef777a-c3\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_f961a6-e3\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_4fe22a-54\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_84e12a-95\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_66ee5a-e7\">\n\n<p><strong>IVF<\/strong> (\u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b \u092b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_7c439c-1f\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_b93c41-d1\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_033444-3a\">\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 (Pronuclear Transfer) (PNT):<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 (Spindle Transfer) (MST):<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Chromosomes) \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_7e50ac-34\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_ba9acb-e4\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_898092-52\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2016: <strong>\u092e\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0915\u094b<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u093e <strong>\u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e<\/strong> &#8220;\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0940-\u092a\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940&#8221;\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2023: <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0907\u0918 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e, MELAS)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_334081-21\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_553a6d-72\">\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_15ded4-4d\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0926\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"kb-table-row kb-table-row162116_9f39c8-4c\">\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_95a633-30\">\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/td>\n\n<td class=\"kb-table-data kb-table-data162116_4acaef-ed\">\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 <strong>MRT<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0902\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f + \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11-683x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162054\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11-600x900.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image43-11.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162056\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image64-6.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f (Mt DNA)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mt DNA <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940 (Designer Baby)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u092c\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 <strong>CRISPR-Cas9<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0930\u0942\u092a-\u0930\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>CCR5 \u091c\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 <strong>HIV \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CCR5 \u091c\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 HIV \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u090f\u092a\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-afb7ddcfba17c1b6d2d1587d2ff1604d\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 (Stem Cells)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/strong>, <strong>\u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0915\u0936\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>\u091a\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0908<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091f\u094b\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Totipotent)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 + <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923-\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093e, \u0905\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 (\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094b\u091f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0930\u0940\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Pluripotent)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923-\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923<\/strong>, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0930\u0940\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 <strong>(iPSCs)<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Multipotent)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0932<strong> <\/strong>(Umbilical cord) (Hematopoietic Stem Cells) \u2192 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902; Mesenchymal Stem Cells \u2192 \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940, \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f, \u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0913\u0932\u093f\u0917\u094b\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Oligopotent)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e (\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0941) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f (Unipotent)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u2192 \u0928\u0908 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\" class=\"wp-image-162059\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image56-6.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells &#8211; iPSCs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e: \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902&#8217;<\/strong> (Yamanaka factors) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 <strong>c-Myc<\/strong>, <strong>Klf4<\/strong>, <strong>Oct4<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>Sox2<\/strong>\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2012<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Applications)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u2013 \u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (Drug Development)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d (Key Advantage)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f (immune rejection) \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 (NGSCR) 2017<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930, \u0925\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 <\/strong>\u092f\u093e <strong>\u0939\u0947\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u090f\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f (DNA) \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Therapeutic Cloning):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 14 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 &#8216;\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0908\u0935\u0940\u090f\u092b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923&#8217; (Surplus IVF embryos) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 ICMR, DBT \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 <strong>\u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e (Stem Cell Therapy)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924, \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Neurological Disorders):<\/strong> \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0930, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0917 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f (Organ Damage):<\/strong> \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Blood Disorders):<\/strong> \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u0940\u091f\u093e \u0925\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e (iPS) \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a-1 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c (T1D) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0941\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 <strong>\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u092f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a-1 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092e\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>CAR (\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930) &#8211; \u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>T-cells<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947 T-cells \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 CAR \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 CAR T-cells \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u094b <strong>&#8216;\u0932\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0917&#8217;<\/strong> (\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f) \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"Biotechnology Trends and Applications | \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\" class=\"wp-image-162061\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image3-5.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 CAR-T \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940: NexCAR19<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NexCAR19<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (<strong>CDSCO<\/strong>) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0902\u091c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092c \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 CAR-T \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 <strong>CD19 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ImmunoACT<\/strong>, (<strong>\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0928-\u0911\u0928-\u091a\u093f\u092a \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Organ on Chip Technology)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> (\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e-\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0926\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-029b1c8c8ef936381addca1cadf30f29\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (RNA Editing)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f (mRNA) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928<\/strong> \u2013 Transcription \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e mRNA \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e: <\/strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e mRNA \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092b\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928: \u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e mRNA \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940, mRNA \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Gene Silencing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (Expression)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e (Suppressed) \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0930\u0941\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8216;\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0949\u0915\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928&#8217; (Gene Knockdown)<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f <strong>&#8216;\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0949\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f&#8217;<\/strong> (\u091c\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (DNA sequence) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 (\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 70% \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915) \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Regulatory mechanism)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092e\u0947\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (DNA Methylation)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Histone Modification)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0913\u0932\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921 (ASOs)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f-\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (RNAi)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0939\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u091f\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0917, \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092b\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e:<\/strong> \u0913\u0902\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0940\u0928 (\u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0936\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u091a\u0906\u0908\u0935\u0940 (HIV), \u0939\u0947\u092a\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FDA-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0930\u0948\u0928 (Patisiran):<\/strong> \u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0949\u092f\u0921\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (\u090f\u0915 RNAi \u0926\u0935\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0935\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0930\u0948\u0928 (Givosiran):<\/strong> \u090f\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0939\u0947\u092a\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0915-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 (Pest-resistant)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941<\/strong> \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928:<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0901 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0928, \u0924\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928, \u0915\u0949\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u092b\u0940\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (Shelf-life Extension):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> &#8216;\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u091f\u092e\u093e\u091f\u0930&#8217; (\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0938\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <strong>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Antisense technology)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (RNA interference &#8211; RNAi) \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (RNAi) \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (Gene expression)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0936\u092e\u0928 (Gene-silencing)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 (disrupt) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u092c\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 mRNA \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f (incapacitate) \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RNAi \u2192 <\/strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f (DNA) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b15b51b8bc636897a190f9cf1180f56c\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Biofuel)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong> (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940) \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong> (\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0920\u094b\u0938, \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CRISPR \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0940\u0938\u094d\u091f) \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0935\u0928 (Fermentation) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092b\u0940\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/strong> \u2192 \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0906\u0932, \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0938, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0947\u0932, \u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e<\/strong><strong>\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 (\u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e, \u0938\u094b\u092f\u093e\u092c\u0940\u0928)<\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u0940\u091c\u0932<\/td><td>\u092b\u0942\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937; \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/strong><strong>\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/td><td>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u0911\u092f\u0932<\/td><td>\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932 (Algae), \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935<\/td><td>\u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u0940\u091c\u0932, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0915\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935 (<strong>GE Algae<\/strong>)<\/td><td>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/td><td>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 (\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932 &#8211; 2G \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0924, \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e (IOCL \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940<\/strong> 2G (\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940) \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0940\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 (\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0932):<\/strong> \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0906\u0932 (Rice Straw)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 (EBP) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 20% \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (E20) \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f <strong>2030<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b <strong>2025<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e (\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947) \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2025):<\/strong> 20% \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (2021\u20132026)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f: <strong>\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (MNRE)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u091c\u091f: \u20b9858 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2013 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0948\u0938<\/strong>, <strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940, <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 <\/strong>\u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a-\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091f\u0942 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940:<\/strong> \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940, \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e <\/strong>(\u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937, \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e <\/strong>(\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SATAT \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (\u0938\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u091f\u0941\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a: <strong>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 2018<\/strong>, \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (<strong>MoPNG<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0948\u0938<\/strong> (CBG) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: <strong>5000 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 <strong>1.5 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u091f\u0928 CBG<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0940\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915<\/strong>: \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937, \u0917\u094b\u092c\u0930, \u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938\u092f\u0942<\/strong> (IOCL, BPCL, HPCL, GAIL, IGL) \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f (\u20b946\/\u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e) \u092a\u0930 CBG \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092b\u0938\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (PM-JIVAN Yojana)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a: <strong>2019<\/strong>, \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f (<strong>MoPNG<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 2G \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u2192 <strong>\u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0940\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0906\u0932, \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0938, \u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940: <strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0908 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 (CHT)<\/strong>, MoPNG \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928: 2G \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>Viability Gap Funding (VGF)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f: \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e 2G \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 <strong>2022<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0911\u092f\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930: <strong>2028\u201329 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092a-\u0907\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (Drop-in Fuel)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a9ab02a0669002f37235e07b60bb6e7f\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (AMR)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (AMR) \u0924\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 <\/strong>\u091c\u092c <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941<\/strong>, <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u0935\u0915<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924) \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0926\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0905\u0938\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (WHO)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 AMR \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 <strong>\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 10<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AMR \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0906\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e (Poor hygiene):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092b-\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>AMR \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>WHO \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (NAP-AMR), 2017<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>AWaRe \u091f\u0942\u0932 (Access, Watch, Reserve):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0908 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e<\/strong>: AMR \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>(GLASS)<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 &#8216;\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928&#8217; (MoH&amp;FW):<\/strong> \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 Red vertical line \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1940 \u0915\u0940<strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 H1<\/strong>\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f &#8216;\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925&#8217; \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><br>&#8211; <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (PM-STIAC), 2022<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0964<br>&#8211; \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e\/\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u091f\u0932 (Biofilm)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923, \u0930\u0938\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f\u0930, \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902) \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u093f\u0925\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0928 (Nafithromycin)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 (Antibiotic)<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f, \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (Collaborative), \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f (Multi-sectoral) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201c\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<strong> \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e <\/strong>\u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948<strong>&nbsp; \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<strong>\u201d<\/strong><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e, \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u093c\u0942\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917, \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"Biotechnology Trends and Applications\" class=\"wp-image-162063\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image46-7.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>COVID-19, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0917 (TB), \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0942, \u0930\u0947\u092c\u0940\u091c\u093c, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908, \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925: \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (<strong>PM-STIAC<\/strong>) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940: ICMR, ICAR, MoEFCC, MoHFW \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (ICMR)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f, \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u093c\u0942\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u2013 <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 (PSA)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u2013<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 (PSA)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 <strong>\u201c\u090f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u0907\u0928\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u091f\u093f\u0935 (APPI)\u201d<\/strong> \u0914\u0930<strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 AHSSOH (Animal Health System Support for One Health) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935 2025<\/strong>, \u092e\u0947\u0918\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ICMR\u2013ICAR \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u090f\u092e\u0906\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (AI) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 (Predictive Analytics)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u2192 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u092a \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u093c\u0942\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>WHO<\/strong>,<strong> FAO<\/strong>, <strong>UNEP<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 <strong>WOAH<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932 (OHHLEP):<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 Quadripartite \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> (2022-2026).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0921-19 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-2fd34b1577e20efc3f23563cc5381b04\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\/\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Generic Drugs):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Biosimilars)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940, \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 <strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Biosimilars vs Generic)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0938\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940-\u091c\u0941\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 <strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0942\u092c\u0939\u0942 \u0928\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921-\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e<\/td><td>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 80-85% \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0926\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (National Biopharma&nbsp;Mission)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924:<\/strong> 2017, <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DBT), \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u20b91,500 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c (2017\u20132022), \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 (\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0947, \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940\u091c\u093c, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f (Vision):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e (i3) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e (PMBJP)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 2008<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <em>\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902; <strong>2016 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 PMBJP<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928:<\/strong> \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e (PMBI) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u0947<strong> \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0936\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b; \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 <strong>50\u201390% \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e <strong>\u20b95 \u0932\u093e\u0916<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u20b92 \u0932\u093e\u0916<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928<\/strong>: \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u093e 15% (\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u20b915,000\/\u092e\u093e\u0939)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>15,057 \u091c\u0928\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 2025<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>7 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u2018\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u2019<\/strong> \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1\u20137 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u2018\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939\u2019 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0925\u0940\u092e: <strong>\u201c\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f: \u0926\u093e\u092e \u0915\u092e, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u201d<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PMBJP \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u092a\u0915\u093f\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a: <\/strong>27 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2019\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u2192 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094b-\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u092a\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f: \u20b91 <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0948\u0921\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0910\u092a (2019)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>: \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0922\u0942\u0901\u0922\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c, \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image51-7.png\" alt=\"Biotechnology Trends and Applications | \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\" class=\"wp-image-162065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image51-7.png 525w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image51-7-270x300.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-27a3835fbafdbfe827bdd5b44df0e742\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\/\u091c\u0940\u0935\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f (Biometrics)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Identify) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 (Biological)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Behavioral)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0948\u0939\u093f\u0915\/\u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Physiological)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0909\u0902\u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928 (\u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f), \u0906\u0907\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928, \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Behavioral)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 (\u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\/\u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092f (\u0915\u0940\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e), \u091a\u093e\u0932 (\u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091a\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (PDS), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (DBT), \u0908-\u0915\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0908\u0938\u0940 (e-KYC), \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u091f\u0947\u0915:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (AEPS)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932:<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UIDAI \u0905\u092a\u0921\u0947\u091f (2025):<\/strong> \u0927\u094b\u0916\u093e\u0927\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928&#8217; \u0914\u0930 <strong>&#8216;\u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932 (2025):<\/strong> \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \/ \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<strong> <\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 <strong>\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u0947\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091c\u093c (Sir Alec Jeffreys)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e (Polymorphism in DNA sequences)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Southern Blotting Technique)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092b\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e<strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \/ \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Digest\/Extract DNA (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928\/\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e\u094b\u0902 (Restriction Enzymes) \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Separate DNA fragments (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Transfer DNA fragments (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u094b\u091c \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0949\u0928) \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Expose to DNA probe (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0924 (fluorescent) \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Visualize DNA fragments (\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0947 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\/\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902), \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0911\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"Biotechnology Trends and Applications | \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\" class=\"wp-image-162067\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image45-7.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\/\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 <strong>\u0905\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 (Abiotic &#8211; \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093e\u0930\u093f\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093e (Europa), \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0921\u0938 (Enceladus) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0964 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: NASA \u0915\u093e <strong>&#8216;\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f&#8217;<\/strong> &#8211; BILI)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NASA \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930<\/strong>&#8211; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938&#8217;<\/strong> (Perseverance) &#8211; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u092c \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a (JWST):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f-1 (TRAPPIST-1) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Exoplanet) \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 (\u092e\u0940\u0925\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 (DNA Storage)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 0 \u0914\u0930 1) \u0915\u094b \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0942\u091f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 (Encode) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921: A, T, G, C) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921 <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e (0 \u0914\u0930 1) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0918\u0928\u0924\u093e\/\u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Density):<\/strong> \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>1 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>215 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/strong> \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Durability):<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e (Energy Efficiency):<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<\/strong> (Sequencing) \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 (DNA Barcoding)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Species) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>&#8220;\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0921&#8221; (Genetic barcode)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- <strong>BOLD<\/strong> \u2013 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0911\u092b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"rotate-message\">\n  \ud83d\udcf1 For better view, please rotate your phone horizontally.\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\/\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\/\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>EcoRI (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u090f\u091c\u093c II)<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em><\/td><td>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0928\u090f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0964<\/td><td>&#8220;Sticky ends&#8221; \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0928 (Acrosin)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e (Sperm Acrosome)<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u090f\u091c\u093c (Protease) \u2192 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u093f\u0921\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0923\u0941 (Ovum) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u091a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947\u091c (Succinic Dehydrogenase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Krebs Cycle) \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (ETC) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e<\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092e; \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (Energy Metabolism) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f\u0947\u091c (Acid Phosphatase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e<\/td><td>\u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u2192 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u094b\u0932\u0940\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0918\u091f\u0928<\/td><td>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0947\u091c (Catalase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u0947\u0930\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0938\u094b\u092e (Peroxisomes)<\/td><td>H\u2082O\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 (Oxidative Stress) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e \u0938\u0940 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u091c (Cytochrome C Oxidase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/td><td>ETC \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092e \u2192 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>ATP \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0939\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0921\u0947\u091c (Hyaluronidase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915; \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e\u0932 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0947\u091c&nbsp; (Lysosomal Acid Lipase)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u094b\u0938\u094b\u092e<\/td><td>\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#00d18433;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e 2025<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (Bio-economy)<\/strong> 2014 \u0915\u0947 10 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0938\u0947 <strong>16 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 165.7 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f <strong>2030 \u0924\u0915 300 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915:<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 12\u0935\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e <strong>\u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e (\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0928)<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u09083 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (BioE3 Policy):<\/strong>&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923&#8221; \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Thematic Sectors):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, <strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 (Carbon capture)<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\/\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u09083 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0937\u094d\u200d\u0920 (BioE3 Cells):<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (Knowledge hubs)<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947- \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (MoU) \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e; \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0937\u094d\u200d\u0920 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u09083 &#8220;D.E.S.I.G.N&#8221; \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940:<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (National Biofoundry Network):<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 <strong>&#8216;\u091b\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (BRCP) \u091a\u0930\u0923-III (2025-2031):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u20b91,500 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f (Outlay)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 DBT \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u20b91,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0932\u0915\u092e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u20b9500 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (BRIC):<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e 13 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f:<\/strong> 10,000 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u091f&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928 (Dare2eraD TB):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0917 (\u091f\u0940\u092c\u0940) \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f <em>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u0930\u0915\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/em> (MTB) \u0915\u0947 18,000 <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 (Isolates)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d-\u0907\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (GARBH-INi Program):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e (Preterm birth risk &#8211; sPTB)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 66 SNP (\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 <strong>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0906\u092f\u0941 (Gestational age)<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>12,000 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 14 \u0932\u093e\u0916 <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947 (Biospecimens)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 1 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (NBM):<\/strong> ZyCoV-D, Corbevax, \u0932\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921 (Liraglutide) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a (Biosimilars)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u090f\u092e\u0906\u0930\u0906\u0908 (MRI) \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAR T-\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940:<\/strong> \u092c\u0940-\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 (B-cell malignancies) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>&#8216;\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092e\u0915\u093e\u092c\u091f\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u0947\u0932&#8217; (Varnimcabtagene autoleucel &#8211; IMN-003A)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u091a\u0947\u0915 (Septicheck):<\/strong> HPLC-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0905\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091f (OncoAlert):<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0901\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 (Oral cancer) \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a (\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093f\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b (Hip Pro):<\/strong> \u092c\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092c\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0928 (Cushion) \u092b\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932:<\/strong> <strong>DEP1 (DENSE PANICLE-1) \u091c\u0940\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 20% \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0916\u093e-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 (Advika &amp; Saatvik)<\/strong> &#8211; &#8220;\u0926\u0932\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928&#8221; \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902 (BRIC-NIPGR \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e-\u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e:<\/strong> <strong>ADT 39-Sub1<\/strong> &#8211; \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (NER) \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0942\u0916\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 (Arun)<\/strong> &#8211; \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e (\u0905\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092c\u0942 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092b-440 (Abu Saunf-440)<\/strong>: \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0936\u093e\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0940 (DBT &#8216;\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0915-\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u092c&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928-\u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0938\u0942\u0916\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092b (Fennel) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0906\u092c\u0942 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CRISPR-\u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0902:<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 (\u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930-\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u091c\u0940\u0928-\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 (Transgene-free)<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0902 (<em>Brassica juncea<\/em>) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f AOP2 (ALKENYL HYDROXALKYL PRODUCING 2) \u091c\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u0928\u0949\u0915\u0906\u0909\u091f (Knockout)<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923\u093e, \u092a\u0942\u0938\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921, \u092a\u0942\u0938\u093e \u091c\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0923\u0940<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0928-\u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0938\u090f\u0928\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u090f\u0930\u0947 (IndRA):<\/strong> \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u092a\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0928\u090f\u0930\u0947 (IndiCA):<\/strong> \u091a\u0928\u0947 (Chickpea) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0938\u090f\u0928\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938:<\/strong> \u0905\u0932\u0938\u0940 (Linseed) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (<strong>T 397- \u091f\u0940\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093f\u092f\u0930-\u091f\u0942-\u091f\u0940\u0932\u094b\u092e\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e<\/strong>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936:\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0921 \u0907\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936, 2025&#8217; \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0913\u092e-4 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 (ISS) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 &#8216;\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e-\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e&#8217; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e-\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 (\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0923\u093f\u0915\u093e) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 (<strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong>) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e-\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e-\u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u0932 (<strong><em>Chlorella sorokiniana-1<\/em><\/strong><strong>) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (CO2\/\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928\/1G \u090f\u0925\u0947\u0928\u0949\u0932:<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (ICGEB), \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 (Engineered) <strong>&#8216;\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u0940\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0947\u0926&#8217; (Glucoamylase Secreting yeast strain)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0935\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 <strong>\u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 50% \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (IBDC):<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>FeED<\/strong> (\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f (BioNEST &#8211; Bio-incubators Nurturing Enterprise for Scaling Technologies):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 <strong>BIRAC<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (Incubation network)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0908-\u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e (EYUVA &#8211; Encouraging Youth for Undertaking Innovative Research Through Vibrant Acceleration):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 <strong>BIRAC<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":161792,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-162116","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932, AMR, DNA \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 - Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932, \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932, AMR, DNA \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T08:01:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rajras16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"31 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/\",\"name\":\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 - Connect Civils\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/science-and-tech\/biotechnology-trends-and-applications\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image105-1-1-1024x683.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-16T10:30:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-17T08:01:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 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