{"id":156428,"date":"2026-02-09T12:57:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T07:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=156428"},"modified":"2026-02-09T12:57:15","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T07:27:15","slug":"democratic-politics-in-india","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <em>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/em> \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-7bfe0ca450f32d3bef7bc812b34f3a89\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f) \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u2013 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0938\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e: \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090b\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926: \u201c\u090f\u0915\u092e\u094d \u0938\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0927\u093e \u0935\u0926\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u201d \u2013 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915, \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0924, \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917 (6000\u20131100 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0923: \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924: \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u091c\u0928\u092a\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (7\u0935\u0940\u0902\u20138\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928, 15 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u094d\u0935, 10 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e: \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e, \u0938\u0939-\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e: \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f: \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915: \u0915\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923, \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f: \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924\u093f, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0915\u092c\u0930 (1556\u20131605): \u0938\u0941\u0932\u0939-\u090f-\u0915\u0941\u0932, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0935\u093e\u091c\u0940 (1630\u20131680): \u0905\u0937\u094d\u091f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928: \u0938\u0902\u0918, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e 1858\u20131935 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926: \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 324 \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 325\u2013329 \u2013 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0928, \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (1989), \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0908 18 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 (61\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EVM (1989) \u0914\u0930 VVPAT (2013)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NOTA (2013), EPIC (1993), \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (MCC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0927\u0928-\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/td><td>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/td><td>543 \u092e\u0947\u0902 251 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u092e \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/td><td>\u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0942\u0930\u0942 54%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e<\/td><td>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 (2024)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><td>\u092b\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/td><td>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 13.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935, \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935, RVM, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, VVPAT \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0932\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>73\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 (1992): \u092a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u2013 \u092d\u093e\u0917 IX<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>74\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 (1992): \u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2013 \u092d\u093e\u0917 IXA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>11\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940: \u092a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>12\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940: \u0928\u0917\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 40: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935: 1.3 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 49% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e: 3Fs (Funds, Functions, Functionaries) \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f, \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0938\u093e\u092e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u092d\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f: \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092b\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c, \u0939\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u091a, \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939 \u091c\u0941\u091f\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u0928: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0936\u091f\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928: \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0902\u0924, \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":154814,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-156428","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T07:27:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rajras16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/\",\"name\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-09T07:27:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T07:27:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"RAS 2024 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0906\u0930\u090f\u090f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/\",\"name\":\"RajRAS\",\"description\":\"Rajasthan RAS 2021 | Assistant Professor Exam | Police SI GK Preparation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RajRAS Edu Services\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":76,\"caption\":\"RajRAS Edu Services\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/rajras16\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rajras16\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/rajras\/\",\"https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/rajasthanras\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC4SzIBtIwirMtxcGWgiJ85g\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils","description":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/","og_locale":"hi_IN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils","og_description":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901","og_url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/","og_site_name":"Connect Civils","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16","article_modified_time":"2026-02-09T07:27:15+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@rajras16","twitter_misc":{"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f":"4 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/","name":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-02-09T07:27:13+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-09T07:27:15+00:00","description":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f : \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0935 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094b\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/democratic-politics-in-india\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"RAS 2024 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0906\u0930\u090f\u090f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/","name":"RajRAS","description":"Rajasthan RAS 2021 | Assistant Professor Exam | Police SI GK Preparation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization","name":"RajRAS Edu Services","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png","width":150,"height":76,"caption":"RajRAS Edu Services"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16","https:\/\/x.com\/rajras16","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rajras16\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/rajras\/","https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/rajasthanras\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC4SzIBtIwirMtxcGWgiJ85g"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156428"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156428\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/154814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}