{"id":154946,"date":"2026-01-19T14:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T09:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=154946"},"modified":"2026-03-25T19:08:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T13:38:07","slug":"preamble-introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/preamble-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 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\u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/governance\/\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/a><\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id154946_24d831-cd 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\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-154956\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image1-2-1-1-793x1024.webp 793w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image1-2-1-1-232x300.webp 232w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image1-2-1-1-768x991.webp 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image1-2-1-1-600x774.webp 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image1-2-1-1.webp 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 793px) 100vw, 793px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-93299542b67ac56da5aa5729402694aa\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\u0939\u092e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 &#8211; (We, the people of India)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 U.S.A. \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e &#8211; We, the people of united states \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e U.S.A. \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u0924: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 U.S.A. \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e &#8211; \u0906\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 &#8211;&nbsp; \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e &#8216; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 (13 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 1946 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u0925\u093e 22 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924) \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0928 17 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1949 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e 26 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940, 1950 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 (\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0942\u0908) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1919 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 \u092c\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (42\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 &#8211; 1976)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 &#8216; &#8216;\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0905\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0924\u093e&#8217;<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 42\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 &#8211; 1976 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e &#8216; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 42\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u2018\u0905\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0924\u093e&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\/\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/strong> :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928-\u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong> :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u090f\u0915:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 (Sovereign)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 (Socialist)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Secular)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Democratic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (Republic) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/strong> (Justice) \u2013 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> (Liberty) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong> (Equality) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> (Fraternity) \u2013 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b &#8220;26 \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 1949 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 26 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1950 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e (Sovereignty)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939&nbsp; \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (1949) \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2013 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0917\u0928\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947\u0938 (1970):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948; \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 (Socialist)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201c\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 &#8216; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 42\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 (1976) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924: \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u201c\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u0939\u0948 \u0928 \u0915\u093f &#8216;\u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217;, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947&nbsp; &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940, \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 + \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940.\u090f\u0938.\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926(1982) &#8211;&nbsp; \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0926 + \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1951 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0915\u0930 &#8211; \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1955 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 &#8211; \u2018\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0926\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u2019&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092c\u0947\u0924\u0947\u0908 &#8211; \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0926 (2004) &#8211; \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0938\u0941 &#8211;&nbsp; \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u201c\u092a\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u201d (1991 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0939\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 31 A \u0914\u0930 31 8 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 15 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921 15 (4) \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u092a\u0902\u0925-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Secular)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>42\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e (1976)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e&nbsp; -U.S.A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926 &#8211; \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940.\u0921\u0940.\u092c\u0938\u0941 &#8211; \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u092e&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S.R. \u092c\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0926 (1994) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 25\u201328 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u092e.\u0938\u0940. \u0938\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c <\/strong>\u2013 \u201c\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>45\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915<\/strong> \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0935<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 (\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e) \u0915\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 6 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948 &#8211;\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0938\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u0932\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935 &#8211; \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091c\u093e\u091c\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b &#8216; \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f &#8216; \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 (\u0926\u0947\u0936\u091c) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u0924\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924&#8217; (Contectual) \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u090f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0935 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f-\u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948 &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 (dead formula) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u092c\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b\u093c \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 (1952) \u0935\u093e\u0926 <\/strong>(\u0909\u0938\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924)<strong>&#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u093c \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e (\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Democratic)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u0949. \u0905\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0915\u0930:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (Republic)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 (\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f) \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u2013 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f (Justice)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 &#8211; <strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 &#8211; \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 &#8211; \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 &#8211; \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 1917 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f &#8211; \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0905\u0928\u0941. 14 \u0938\u0947 18), \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Liberty)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936; &#8216; \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e-\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e-\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e &#8216; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f 1789 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 &#8211;&nbsp;\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (\u0905\u092c\u093e\u0927) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941. 19 \u0924\u0925\u093e 25-28 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 &#8211; \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094b \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e (Equality)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0935 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941. 14 \u0938\u0947 18 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 &#8211; \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e (\u0905\u0928\u0941. 14 \u0938\u0947 18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e ( \u0905\u0928\u0941. 325 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f-\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0941. 326 &#8211; \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 )<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u0905\u0928\u0941. 39 \u0935 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8211; \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. <strong>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Fraternity)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 + \u0938\u092e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0908\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u2018\u0938\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 &#8211; \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0935 \u0938\u092e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e &#8211; (\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0911\u092b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093f\u091f\u0940) &#8211; \u092d\u0940\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947\u0921\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0935 \u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 &#8211; \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (1789) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. <strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u092a\u0930\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 17: \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u2014 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 32: \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2014 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 51(\u0915): \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e, \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 &#8211; 16 \u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 (1963)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 19(2), 19(3), 19(4) \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0925\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947.\u090f\u092e. \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0936\u0940<\/strong> &#8211; \u2018\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932\u0940<strong> <\/strong>(Political Horoscope) \u0939\u0948 \u0964&#8217;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0940.\u090f\u0928. \u0917\u093e\u0921\u0917\u093f\u0932 <\/strong>&#8211; &#8216;\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8217;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u201c\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u091f&#8221; \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 book &#8211; Principle of social and political theory \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0902. \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0935 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930,&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2018\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2018\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8217;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8216;\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092d\u0942\u0937\u0923&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8216;\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u200c \u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e <strong>\u090f\u0928.\u090f. \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0947. \u092c\u0940. \u0915\u0943\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/strong> &#8211; \u092f\u0947 (\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924) \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a. \u0917\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u0926\u093e\u0938<\/strong> &#8211; \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f (Adi Vakya) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0905\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0930<\/strong> &#8211; \u201c\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u201d&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0937 \u0915\u0936\u094d\u092f\u092a<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930,\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201c\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0905\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 \u0909\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0964\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0924\u093e<\/strong> &#8211; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0942\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0926 (\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0930\u0942\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0926) (1960) &#8211;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f &#8211;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0942\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 &#8211; \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0908\u092a\u0917\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e (\u092a\u0902. \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 9 \u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 &#8211; 1960 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 (\u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (1965) &#8211;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0926 (1973) &#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f &#8211;\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0930\u0942\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u0932\u091f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u0928 (\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941. 368 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 (1975) &#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S.R. \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0926 (1994) &#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u0940&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lic of India \u0935\u093e\u0926 (1995) &#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u0939\u093e &#8211; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A.K. \u0917\u094b\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (1950) &#8211;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0926 (1967)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 (1980) &#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f, &#8221; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928-&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>368 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 &#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 14, 16, 39 \u0918 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 &#8211; <strong>\u0930\u0923\u0927\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0918<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\/\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 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