{"id":152893,"date":"2025-12-19T18:39:29","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T13:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=152893"},"modified":"2025-12-19T18:39:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T13:09:33","slug":"saiyyid-and-lodi-dynasties","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/saiyyid-and-lodi-dynasties\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0\u00a0\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"sayyad\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-d8faf469df69a5588c81551338135b94\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 (1414\u20131451 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0902\u0936\u091c <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0916\u093f\u091c\u094d\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0901<\/strong> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0902\u0936\u091c<\/strong> \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>&nbsp;1. \u0916\u093f\u091c\u094d\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0901 (1414\u20131421 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u092e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e: \u092e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924 (\u092b\u093f\u0930\u094b\u091c \u0924\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0948\u092e\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u2192<\/strong> \u0907\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0939\u094c\u0930, \u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928, \u0926\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u092c\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1414 \u0908. \u2013<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u092e\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201c\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u201d \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0940,<\/strong> \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0930\u0948\u092f\u0924-\u090f-\u0906\u0932\u093e (\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092e\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0924\u092c\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0935 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c, \u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 <strong>\u201c\u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930-\u090f-\u091c\u092c\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0924\u201d <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u0940\u092f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u201c\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916-\u090f-\u092b\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e\u201d<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u2014 <\/strong><em>\u201c\u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0925\u0947; \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964\u201d<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 (1421\u20131434 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0907\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940;<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0924\u092c\u093e \u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 <strong>\u201c\u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926\u201d <\/strong>\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 (\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u2013 <strong><em>\u201c\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916-\u090f-\u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940\u201d<\/em><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0938\u0930\u0925 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e) \u0935 \u0905\u0932\u092a \u0916\u093e\u0901 (\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e) \u0928\u0947 1434 \u0908. \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926 \u0936\u093e\u0939 (1434\u20131445 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e: <\/strong>\u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926 \u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092b\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0916\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0924\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0935\u0930-\u0909\u0932-\u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 6 \u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928; \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0932-\u0909\u0932-\u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0930\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 <strong>\u201c\u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926\u201d <\/strong>\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b <em>\u201c\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930\u201d<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u201c\u0916\u093e\u0928-\u090f-\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901\u201d \/ <strong>\u201c\u0916\u093e\u0928-\u090f-\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e\u201d <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0932\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 (1445\u20131451 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u093e<strong> \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u091d\u0917\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0942\u0901 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1451 \u0908. \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924, <\/strong>\u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"lodi\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-14c79c6f1f12eac0a3e4ec3b1fe39129\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u00a0\u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 (1451\u20131526 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0935\u0902\u0936<\/strong> \u2013 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 (1451\u20131526 \u0908.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0902\u0936<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915: <\/strong>\u092c\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940, \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940, \u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R.P. \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u201c\u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (Confederate State)\u201d <\/strong>\u0915\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1. \u092c\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 (1451\u20131489 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u2013 <\/strong>\u092e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e, <strong>\u091a\u093e\u091a\u093e \u2013 <\/strong>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0939 (\u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0901), <strong>\u0926\u093e\u0926\u093e \u2013 <\/strong>\u092e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 (\u092b\u093f\u0930\u094b\u091c \u0924\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0928 (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u2014<strong> \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u092c\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0903 <\/strong>\u0917\u093f\u0932\u091c\u0908, \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0916\u0947\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0926 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u092e\u0942\u0926 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 <strong>\u2014 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u201c\u0916\u093e\u0928-\u090f-\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e\u201d \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915, <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u2014 <strong>\u201c\u0917\u093e\u091c\u0940\u201d\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e (1451 \u0908.) \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924: <\/strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916-\u090f-\u0926\u093e\u0909\u0926\u0940 \u2013 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u2013<\/strong> \u201c\u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e (First among equals)\u201d\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e, \u0917\u0932\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940\u0902, \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u201c\u092e\u0938\u0928\u0926-\u090f-\u0905\u0932\u0940\u201d <\/strong>(\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u2013 \u201c\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u2013 <strong>\u201c\u0939\u092e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0930\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0911\u0917\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0938 \u0938\u0947 (\u0935\u093f\u0928\u092e\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201c\u092c\u0939\u094b\u0932\u0940\u201d \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f (1 \u091f\u0902\u0915\u093e = 40 \u092c\u0939\u094b\u0932\u0940)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094c\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (1479 \u0908.) \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1484 \u0908. \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094c\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094c\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0939\u092e\u0926 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (1468\u201369) \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u2013 <\/strong>\u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 (\u0917\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u2013<\/strong> <em>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916-\u090f-\u0938\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u090f-\u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/em> \u0935 <em>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u091f\u0949\u0921<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (1486\u201387) \u2013<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>12 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 1489 \u0908., \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0942 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">2. <strong>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 (1489\u20131517 \u0908.)\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u2013<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0901 \/ \u0928\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u2013<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0926 (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e); \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0932\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u092c\u0940\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908, <\/strong>\u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092c \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0935 \u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u2013 <\/strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092b\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 6 \u0915\u094b\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0925\u0928 \u2013 <\/strong>\u201c\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0901, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0920\u093e \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0935 \u0906\u091c\u092e \u0939\u0941\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0942\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0935 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0928\u094c\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094c\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f (1491 \u0908.) \u2013<\/strong> \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924, \u092e\u0941\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f (1495 \u0908.) \u2013 <\/strong>\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u2013<\/strong> \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f; \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 (1504 \u0908.) \u2013<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 (1504\u201305) \u2013<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0924\u094b\u092e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u091c\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942-\u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0918\u093e\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0909\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093e \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u091c\u094b\u0927\u0928\u0940<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930: <\/strong>\u0924\u093e\u091c\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0935 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0939\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 500 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924; \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941 \u091c\u092c\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0926\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935 \u0936\u0939\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094c\u0915\u093c\u0940\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u2013<\/strong> <em>\u0932\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0924-\u090f-\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940<\/em> (\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u2013 <\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092e \u201c\u0917\u0941\u0932\u0930\u0942\u0916\u0940\u201d, \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u2013 \u201c\u092b\u0939\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940\u201d (\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940) \u2013 \u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0941\u0935\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e, <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 (\u0930\u092b\u0940\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e <\/strong>(1504 \u0908.), 1506 \u0908. \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0932 13 \u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u091a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c (\u092d\u0942\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u2013 <\/strong>\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0935 \u091c\u0915\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0902\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u2013 <\/strong>\u201c\u0917\u091c-\u090f-\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940\u201d (32 \u0907\u0902\u091a) \u2013 1586 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u0948\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930 (\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0915\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u2013 1517 \u0908., \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 (\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>3. \u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 (1517\u20131526 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e <strong>\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 <\/strong>\u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0935 \u091c\u094c\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0916\u093e\u0928-\u090f-\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0935 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u201c\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928\u201d <\/strong>\u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u2192 \u0917\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0902\u091f\u0915\u093e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u2192 \u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0924\u094b\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941; \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0938\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0924 (\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930) \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 (1517\u201318 \u0908.) \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0918\u093e\u091f\u094b\u0932\u0940 (\u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0932\u0940) \u0935 \u092c\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 (\u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0924 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (21 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1526 \u0908.);<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916-\u090f-\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0941\u0935\u093e (\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u091c\u0940\u0930) \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0925\u0928 \u2013 <\/strong>\u201c\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R.P. \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0940 \u2013<\/strong> \u201c\u0905\u092b\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0917\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0948\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0926 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":27066,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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