{"id":152590,"date":"2025-12-15T21:12:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=152590"},"modified":"2025-12-15T21:12:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T15:42:48","slug":"painting-and-sculpture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/history\/painting-and-sculpture\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <em>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/india\/\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/a><\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0906\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b69c60a5509f5563ad17b2a5cd58b75b\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1. \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0935 <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0918 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e, \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e 16<\/strong>: \u092e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u093f\u0924\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930, \u092f\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0930\u093e-\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e 17<\/strong> = \u201c\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u201d; \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e-\u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0918 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 (9 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901)<\/strong>: \u0932\u094c\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0935\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0942\u0937\u093e, \u0915\u0947\u0936-\u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924-\u0928\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0923\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 = \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>2. \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 (750\u20131150 \u0908.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928: \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932-\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e: <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0921\u093c\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \/ \u091a\u0930\u094d\u092e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong> (\u0935\u091c\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0932\u0939\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f, \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930: <strong>\u0927\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u092a\u093e\u0932<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e-\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 (\u0905\u091c\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0938\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f; \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915: \u0930\u093e\u092e\u092a\u093e\u0932; 11\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940; 6 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0935 \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>3. \u0905\u092a\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 (11\u0935\u0940\u0902\u201315\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0948\u0928<\/strong>, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0935<\/strong> (\u0917\u0940\u0924 \u0917\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0926, \u0932\u094c\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e: \u0924\u093e\u0921\u093c\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u2192 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0902\u0917: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u2014 \u0932\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u0917\u0947\u0930\u0942; \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091c\u0932\u093e\/\u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u0940\u0916\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0915, \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0920\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0936\u0915\u093e\u092f \u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0947, \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u0947\/\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928; \u092a\u0936\u0941-\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u094c\u0928\u093e-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925: <strong>\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0925\u093e<\/strong>, <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>, <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e: \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f \u0926\u093e\u0928 = \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image25-12.png\" alt=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-152591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image25-12.png 611w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image25-12-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image25-12-600x257.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>4. \u091a\u094b\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935-\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928: <strong>\u0924\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0935\u0941\u0930<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u2013 \u0905\u091c\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0936\u093f\u0935, \u0915\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0936, \u0928\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>5. \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0941\u0915\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928: <strong>\u092c\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092e\u0940<\/strong> (\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940: \u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f: \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u094c\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e <strong>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0947\u0936 (597\u2013609)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093e &#8220;\u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0947\u0932&#8221; \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>6. \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u0947: \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0928\u0930\u092e\u094d (\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930<\/strong>: \u092e\u0902\u0921\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0923, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f: \u092c\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e; \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 (\u0906\u0902\u0927\u094d\u0930)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0936\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0947\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (profile) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 2D \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0932, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901; \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>7. \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e (17\u0935\u0940\u0902\u201318\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0928\u0930\u092e\u094d, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0930\u0902\u0917\u092e\u094d, \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0930\u0942\u0930, \u091a\u0947\u0902\u0917\u092e (\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0923-\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0932\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0915\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0925\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0935 (\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u091f\u0928), \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 (\u092e\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a + \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 (\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0932\u0902\u091c\u0941\u0932\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u091f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8e2ebb2e6d69cf67beecd18307fac1d7\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1. \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e (Gupta Sculpture)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941, \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0935 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901: <\/strong>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0905\u0932\u0902\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947\u0936\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0906\u0938\u0928, \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0938\u0924\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (7.5 \u092b\u0940\u091f, \u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930, \u0905\u092c \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0918\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0917\u0922\u093c\/\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u0930\u0923\/\u0909\u0926\u092f\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u093e\u0939<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 (\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e<\/em><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925<\/em><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/em><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u2014 \u092e\u0928\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0935\u0930 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093e\u091c)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0930\u092e\u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093e \u2013<\/strong> \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u094b\u0939 \u2013<\/strong> \u090f\u0915\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u0930\u093e \u2013 <\/strong>\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0917\u0943\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u2013 <\/strong>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0947\u092f (\u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>2. \u091a\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0932\u093e (Chola Sculpture)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0935\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0923\/\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f\/\u0905\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941, \u0928\u091f\u0930\u093e\u091c, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e-\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0926, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0947\u092f, \u0917\u0923\u0947\u0936) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u092d\u0935\u0928-\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u2014\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902\/\u091b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u091f\u0930\u093e\u091c (\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u2014\u0921\u092e\u0930\u0942 (\u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u2014\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u092f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e\u2014\u0905\u092d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e\u2014\u0909\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 (\u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0928\u093e\u2014\u0905\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093e\u090f\u0901\u2014\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\/\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0940\u2014\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0935<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u092a\u2014\u0915\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936-\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u2014\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"442\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image44-7.png\" alt=\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e\" class=\"wp-image-152599\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image44-7.png 442w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image44-7-270x300.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>3. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(a) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u091a\u094c\u0938\u093e \u2013 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u091f\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(b) 5\u0935\u0940\u0902\u20137\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e (\u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924) \u2014 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2018\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924-\u092e\u094b\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u2019 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924; \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940-\u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\/\u092e\u0941\u0915\u0941\u091f \u0938\u091c\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0901\u0938\u0940 (\u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0923\u093e), \u091a\u094c\u0938\u093e (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930), \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941, \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(c) 6\u0935\u0940\u0902\u20139\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 (\u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0924\/\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u2014\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0930; \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (3\u201324) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940\/\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924-\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>4. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938-\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(a) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u2013\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\/5\u20137\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u2014\u0905\u092d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u2014 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u2014 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0916\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e (\u092e\u0925\u0941\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0939\u0947\u0902)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(b) \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u2013 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094b\u092b\u0928\u093e\u0930 (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(c) \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u2013\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u2013 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (9\u0935\u0940\u0902\u201312\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u2014 \u0928\u0908 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e:<\/strong> \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0941\u091c \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u093f\u0924\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 (\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u091c\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u2014 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>5. \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image62-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-152604\" style=\"width:auto;height:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image62-7.png 278w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image62-7-161x300.png 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>8\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0935 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u2014 \u0906\u091a\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e (\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>6. \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0935 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u2014 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0930\u093e\u092f, \u0935\u0947\u0902\u0915\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u092e\u0915\u0926 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u2014 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0935 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0917\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0935 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0906\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0932\u093e 1. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":27066,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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