{"id":149078,"date":"2025-09-09T15:27:59","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T09:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=149078"},"modified":"2025-09-19T17:10:22","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T11:40:22","slug":"french-revolution-1789-a-d","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/world-history\/french-revolution-1789-a-d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (1789 \u0908.)<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/world-history\/\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938<\/a> \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id149078_07f405-4a 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.kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id149078_07f405-4a .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id149078_07f405-4a .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-02849233b988ed53404b85c9eeaa03cb\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (1789 \u0908.)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 1789 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 1799 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928, \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e) 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\u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A. <\/strong><strong>\u0926\u094b\u0937\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940\u0964 <strong>\u0932\u0941\u0908 XIV<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0925\u0928 &#8221; \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0942\u0901&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 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<strong>\u092e\u0948\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938<strong> &#8220;\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0936\u0947&#8221;<\/strong> (\u092e\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f &#8220;\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0907\u0938&nbsp; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u092d\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 <\/strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 , \u0905\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u092d\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 <strong>1614 <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u0964\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B. <\/strong><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917: <\/strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917 (\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917-\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915 , \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 , \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094b\u091d<\/strong> \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 1% \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 20% \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 80%<\/strong> \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 <strong>\u0915\u092e \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930) \u0927\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915<\/strong> <strong>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930 <\/strong>\u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0926 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C. <\/strong><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u091c \u091a\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0917\u0921\u093c \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong>&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964 <strong>\u0928\u092e\u0915, \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c <\/strong>\u0914\u0930<strong> \u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u091d\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b, \u0928\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D. <\/strong><strong>\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0930\u0942\u0938\u094b, \u092e\u094b\u0902\u0924\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0930\u094b<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0935<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 &#8220;\u092b\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0938\u0949\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 &#8221; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f &#8220;\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0901\u0917\u093e\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u0924\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0940 <strong>&#8220;\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0930\u093f\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0926 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c&#8221;<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e <strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938\u094b \u0915\u0940 <strong>&#8220;\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093e (\u0926 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f)&#8221;<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940&nbsp; \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 &#8220;\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0930 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092c\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948&#8221; \u2013&nbsp; \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0939\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u0938\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u090f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u200b\u200b\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u092d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0917\u0923\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0924\u0947:<\/strong> \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u2192 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0939\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 (5 \u092e\u0908, 1789):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e <strong>\u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 XVI <\/strong>\u0915\u094b <strong>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917) \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0924\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0940 ,\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e&nbsp; <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>17 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1789 \u0915\u094b, <\/strong>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917) \u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e (\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932\u0940 )<\/strong> \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u093e \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092a\u0925 (20 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1789):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0932\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0924\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 (27 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1789):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928 (14 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, 1789):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 XVI \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0936 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>14 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b, \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e , \u091c\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930&nbsp; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0925\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u2794 (14 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 (4 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924, 1789):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;4 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0924, \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917&nbsp; \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0926 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (27 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924, 1789):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0925\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 (5 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1789):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 6,000-7,000 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092d\u0940\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093c\u0948\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 (1790):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 (\u0928\u094b\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0905\u0930)&#8221; \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1791 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928\u092d\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928-\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 XVI \u0928\u0947 1791 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (1792):&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921&nbsp; (1792):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f&nbsp; \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930 800 \u0930\u0949\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0940 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 XVI \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 (1793):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u091c\u0948\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 1792 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0941\u0907\u0938 XVI \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u0926\u092e\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1793 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u094c\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 (1793-1794):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0949\u092c\u094d\u0938\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0932\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u093e\u091f \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 1794 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0949\u092c\u094d\u0938\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (1795-1799):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a-\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u091d \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 1799 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Impact on France)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 (End of the Feudal System):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947&nbsp; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f (Rise of Democratic Spirit):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092c \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e (Declaration of Human Rights):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u091b\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947&nbsp; \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 (Secular State and Limiting Church Powers):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928<strong> <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 (Formation of Political Parties):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924<em> <\/em>(\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940) \u0914\u0930 <em>\u091c\u0948\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928<\/em> (\u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u092a\u0902\u0925\u0940) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092c \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 <em>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 <\/em>\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 (Beginning of Socialism):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u091c\u0948\u0915\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0930\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Educational Reforms):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 , \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u091f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 (Beginning of Liberal Democracy):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, 1792 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, 1832 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f (End of Monarchy and Rise of People&#8217;s Power):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0917\u093e \u091d\u0902\u0921\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092d\u093e<\/em> \u0928\u0947 <em>\u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938-\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932<\/em> \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 (\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u2192 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Impact of the French Revolution on Women):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 (Educational Opportunities):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Marriage and Divorce Rights):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (Transitional Period for Women&#8217;s Liberation):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 <em>\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0911\u092b \u091f\u0947\u0930\u0930<\/em> (\u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u092c \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 <em>\u0913\u0932\u092e\u094d\u092a \u0926\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c <\/em>\u0915\u094b \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 (Symbolism in Art):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0942 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0901\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u091c\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0940<\/em> (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u092a) \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935: \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f (Global Impact: Rise of Nationalism):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0939\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940<\/em> (1861 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923) \u0914\u0930 <em>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940<\/em> (1871 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923) \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 <em>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, 1808-1814 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <em>\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/em>)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, 19\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937: <\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f:<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091f\u0942\u0932\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e (16 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1793 \u0908.) \u2192 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u2192 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0924\u094b\u092a\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f (1794 \u0908.)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong> 5 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1795 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092b\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0915\u0948\u0902\u092a\u094b\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f (\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1797 \u0908.) \u2192 \u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u2192 \u0928\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0928\u094c\u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u090f (\u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1798 \u0908.)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u092f:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928:<\/strong> 1799 \u0908. \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0916\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u2192 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e (\u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;\u0928\u093e\u0936\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094c\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094c\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0947<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1802 \u0908.:<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1804 \u0908.:<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0932\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (21 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1805 \u0908.):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u090f\u0921\u092e\u093f\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0932\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (2 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1805 \u0908.):<\/strong> \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e (Prussia) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u2192 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (14 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930, 1806 \u0908.):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (14 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1807 \u0908.):<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u091f\u093f\u0932\u0938\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Napoleon Reforms):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Administrative Reforms):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u092e\u0947\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Economic Reforms):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0911\u092b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 (1800):<\/em> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/em> \u0936\u0930\u093e\u092c, \u0928\u092e\u0915, \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928:<\/em> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (\u0915\u094b\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f 1801):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/em><\/strong> \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0942\u0901, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0942\u0901\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Educational Reforms):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 (\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0940), \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e:<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0921 (Napoleonic Code \u2013 1804):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u200b\u200b\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924: <\/strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> \u092a\u093f\u0924\u0943\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u092a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u092e\u091c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Continental System \u2013 1806 A.D.):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em> \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u0947 &#8220;\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932&#8221; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e (Unauthorized Occupation of Spain):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u091f\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e <em>\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0938 IV<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0926\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0908 <em>\u091c\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092b \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f: <\/strong>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 <\/strong>\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (1812):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u092c \u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 I \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928<strong> <\/strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0924\u092c\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u2192 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 500,000 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0936\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0936\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0932\u0940\u092a\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0917, 1813):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u094c\u0925\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091f&nbsp; \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 :<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0921\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e, \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0920\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0940\u092a\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908:<\/strong> \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 <em>\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0921\u0928<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0916\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 <em>\u0932\u0940\u092a\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0917<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 (1814):<\/strong> <em>\u092b\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (Battle of Waterloo \u2013 1815):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 (Return from Elba): <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0930 (Final Defeat): <\/strong>18 \u091c\u0942\u0928 1815 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 (Exile to Saint Helena): <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 <em>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e<\/em> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 1821 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Main Causes of Napoleon\u2019s Downfall):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927) (Peninsular War):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 300,000 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Continental System):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (Russian Campaign):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u092a\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u092c\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0925\u0928 &#8220;\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940&#8221; \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Humiliation of the Pope):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0925\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (Strong British Navy):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0924\u093e&nbsp; \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092a\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0932\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 (Forced Recruitment):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u092c\u0930\u0928 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f (Rise of Nationalism):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939 (Affection for Relatives):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0938\u0947\u092b, \u0939\u0949\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0941\u0908), \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092d\u093e\u0908-\u092d\u0924\u0940\u091c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (Continuous Wars):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0925\u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930 <em>\u0921\u0949. \u0938\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0928<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f &#8220;\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 (Temperamental Defects):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u091c\u0930\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (Dictatorial Power):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 (Evaluation of Napoleon):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 (Positive Legacy): <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e (<em>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/em>), \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0924\u0928 (Downfall): <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 (Self-Assessment): <\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 (Positive Legacy): <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e (<em>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/em>), \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0924\u0928 (Downfall): <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 (Self-Assessment): <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0942\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8221; \u2013 \u092f\u0939&nbsp; \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0918\u093e\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (1789 \u0908.) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (1789 \u0908.) \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 1789 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":27109,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-149078","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/world-history\/french-revolution-1789-a-d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0928\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/world-history\/french-revolution-1789-a-d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-19T11:40:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rajras16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"18 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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