{"id":148731,"date":"2025-09-01T17:44:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T12:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=148731"},"modified":"2025-09-06T17:19:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T11:49:04","slug":"nuclear-fission-and-fusion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/\">\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2021<\/td><td>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0964<\/td><td>2M<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2018<\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 (\u03b2\u2212) \u0914\u0930 (\u03b2) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>2M<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148731_493bf4-c0 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c966681513493f85555c5ffe43329fac\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915<\/strong>: \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>10\u2074 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e <strong>99.9% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image216.png\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148232\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image216.png 544w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image216-300x186.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 (\u00b9\u00b2C) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 <strong>1.992647\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2076<\/strong> <strong>kg<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 (u) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 u = <strong>\u00b9\u00b2C \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e 1\/12<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 u = <strong>1.660539 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b2\u2077 kg<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0916\u094b\u091c &#8211;<\/strong> 1932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0947\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0948\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0915 <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 &#8211;<\/strong> <strong>1.00866 u (1.6749\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2077 kg)\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928) \u0915\u0923 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928, 1 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 <strong>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1000 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z<\/strong> = \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N<\/strong> = \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e = \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> = \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e = Z + N (\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f &#8211;<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928&nbsp; <strong><sub>Z<\/sub><\/strong><strong>X<\/strong><strong><sup>A<\/sup><\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <strong>X <\/strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, <strong>Z<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 <strong>A <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u094b\u0928\u0947 (Au) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u00b9\u2079\u2077\u2087\u2089Au<\/strong> \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (79 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 118 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u0938\u092e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong>: \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928-\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 (H) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b9\u2081H):<\/strong> 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928, 1.0078 u (99.985% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b2\u2081H)<\/strong>: 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928, 1 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b3\u2081H)<\/strong>: 1 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928, 2 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 <\/strong>&#8211; <strong>34.98 u<\/strong> (75.4% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930) \u0924\u0925\u093e <strong>36.98 u<\/strong> (24.6% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1-1024x142.png\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148735\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1-1024x142.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1-600x83.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1-768x106.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image219-1.png 1382w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915<\/strong>: \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: <strong>\u00b9\u00b3\u2086C<\/strong> \u0935 <strong>\u00b9\u00b3\u2087N<\/strong> ) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/strong>: \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0964&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: <strong>\u00b9\u2079\u2078\u2088\u2080Hg<\/strong> \u0935 <strong>\u00b9\u2079\u2077\u2087\u2089Au<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930<strong> \u0917\u0940\u0917\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0921\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5.5 MeV \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u03b1- \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>4.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u2074 <\/strong>m \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 <strong>4.0 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u2074<\/strong> \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0949\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0949\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e 5.5 MeV \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0949\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924<strong> \u0932\u0918\u0941-\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \ud835\udc34 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>R=R<\/strong><strong><sub>0<\/sub><\/strong><strong>A<\/strong><strong><sup>1\/3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>R<\/strong><strong><sub>0<\/sub><\/strong><strong>=1.2\u00d710<\/strong><strong><sup>-15<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u2009m, <\/strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 R<sub>0<\/sub>\u200b <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong>: \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e&nbsp; \ud835\udc34 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \ud835\udc34 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935: <\/strong>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \ud835\udc34 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>2.3\u00d710<\/strong><strong><sup>17<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u2009kg\/m<\/strong><strong><sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>E=mc<\/strong><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>E,<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 m \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0948,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C, <\/strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0917 (3\u00d710<sup>8<\/sup>\u2009m\/s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e <\/strong>\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, <strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928-16 (\u00b9\u2076\u2088O)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>8 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 8 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>8 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928: 8\u00d71.00727\u2009u=8.05776u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>8 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928: 8\u00d71.00866\u2009u=8.06928u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>8 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928: 8\u00d70.00055\u2009u=0.0044u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u00b9\u2076\u2088O<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928 \u0939\u094b): 16.12744\u2009u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong>: 15.99493\u2009u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: 16.12744\u2009u\u221215.99053\u2009u=0.13691\u2009u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f (\u0394M)<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947<strong> \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <\/strong>\u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0394M=[Z\u22c5m<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u200b+(A\u2212Z)\u22c5m<\/strong><strong><sub>n<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u200b]\u2212M<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z<\/strong> = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> = \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m<\/strong><strong><sub>p<\/sub><\/strong> = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>m<\/strong><strong><sub>n<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u200b<\/strong> = \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M<\/strong> = \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <\/strong>\u0935\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>E<\/strong><strong><sub>b<\/sub><\/strong><strong>=\u0394M\u22c5c<\/strong><strong><sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928-16 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 <strong>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <\/strong>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>E<\/strong><strong><sub>bn<\/sub><\/strong><strong>=E<\/strong><strong><sub>b<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\/A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>E<\/strong><strong><sub>bn<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u200b<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 (\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"818\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image81-1.png\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148238\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image81-1.png 818w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image81-1-600x422.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image81-1-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image81-1-768x541.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 818px) 100vw, 818px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Fig: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (30 &lt; A &lt; 170) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (A = 56 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f ~8.75 MeV)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b (A &lt; 30) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b (A &gt; 170) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b MeV \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (Saturation Property):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0911\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f\u0924\u092e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0911\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Fission):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 A = 240 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e,&nbsp; A = 120 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>A = 240 <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u094b<strong> A = 120<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0911\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 <strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091a\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Fusion):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 A \u2264 10) \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 (Nuclear Force)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0935\u0939 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f, \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0932, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 [1 \u092b\u0947\u092e\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (10<\/strong><strong><sup>-15 <\/sup><\/strong><strong>m)<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e] \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a<strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 ~8 MeV<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0911\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (~8 MeV) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0918\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f &#8211; <\/strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1-2 \u092b\u0947\u092e\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 0.5 \u092b\u0947\u092e\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 (1-2 \u092b\u0947\u092e\u094d\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \/ \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092c\u0932 (Exchange Force):<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0928 <\/strong>(\u03c0-\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0928) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e (Radioactivity)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902), \u0924\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (Decay) \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e (Radioactivity)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e <\/strong>\u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f 3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b1 -\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f: <\/strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u03b1-\u0915\u0923 (2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 + 2 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0964(\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f<\/strong>: \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 (\u03b2\u207b) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (\u03b2\u207a) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03b3-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f<\/strong>: \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Spontaneous Fission) \u2013 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Law of Radioactive Decay):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Exponential Decay Law) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a (Differential Form):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><\/strong><strong>\u0394N<\/strong><strong>\u0394t<\/strong><strong> \u200b=\u2212\u03bbN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N =<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f <strong>t<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03bb =<\/strong> \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0964 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>N(t)=N<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sub>0<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><strong><em>e<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><sup>\u2212\u03bbt<\/sup><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901, N<sub>0 <\/sub>= \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e (Radioactive Activity):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e (R)<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 SI \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 <strong>\u092c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0932 (Bq)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u2009Bq=1 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0930\u0940 (Ci)<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u2009Ci=3.7\u00d710<sup>10<\/sup>\u2009Bq<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A (\u092f\u093e R)=\u03bbN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A: <\/strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e (Bq \u092f\u093e Ci \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N:<\/strong> \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0906\u092f\u0941 (Half Life) \u0935 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941 (Mean Life) &#8211;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0906\u092f\u0941 (T<\/strong><strong><sub>1\/2<\/sub><\/strong><strong>) <\/strong>&#8211; \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>T<\/strong><strong><sub>1\/2<\/sub><\/strong><strong>\u200b = ln(2) \/ \u03bb = 0.693 \/ \u03bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092f\u0941 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-236<\/td><td>4.51\u00d71019<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e-226<\/td><td>1622<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-227<\/td><td>22<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-222<\/td><td>1.39\u00d71019<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941&nbsp; (\u03c4)<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941&nbsp; \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948-<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u03c4=1\/\u03bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u03c4 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u03bb \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927-\u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 T1\/2 = 0.693 \u00d7 \u03c4 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093e- \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (\u03b1-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f )<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 &#8211; <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238 (\u00b2\u00b3\u2078U) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-234 (\u00b2\u00b3\u2074Th)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u2074He) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types1.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148273\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types1.png 496w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types1-300x56.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"88\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148275\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types2.png 482w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types2-300x55.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 4 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915 2 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e Q-\u0935\u0948\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942 (Q-value) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"118\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148278\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types.png 570w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Radioactive-Decay-Types-300x62.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0940\u091f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (\u03b2 -\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f)<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b2\u207b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f<\/strong>:&nbsp; \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong>, \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<strong> (e\u207b) <\/strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940-\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b <strong>(\u03bd\u0305) <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0915 1 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Beta-Decay.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148280\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Beta-Decay.png 702w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Beta-Decay-600x477.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Beta-Decay-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03b2\u207a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f<\/strong>:&nbsp; \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928<\/strong>, \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (e\u207a)<\/strong> \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915<strong> \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b (\u03bd) <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u03b2\u207a-decay.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148282\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u03b2\u207a-decay.png 678w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u03b2\u207a-decay-600x512.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u03b2\u207a-decay-300x256.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (\u03b3-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f)<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915<strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (excited state) <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (ground state) <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>(\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image52-4.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148285\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image52-4.png 670w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image52-4-600x378.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image52-4-300x189.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>\u03b2 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (daughter nucleus) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"116\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gamma-Decay.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148287\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gamma-Decay.png 742w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gamma-Decay-600x94.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Gamma-Decay-300x47.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ed544c144d15b11a653f9536e338a7b9\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Nuclear Energy)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Nuclear Energy) \u0935\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Fission)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Fusion) <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (A &lt; 30) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (A &gt; 170) \u0915\u093e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> <strong>8.0 MeV \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 <\/strong>(\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 <\/strong>(\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e) \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 10\u2076 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (MeV \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> 1 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947<strong> 10\u00b9\u2074 <\/strong>\u091c\u0942\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 1 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <strong>10\u2077 \u091c\u0942\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Nuclear Fission)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e &#8211;<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u091b\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0916\u094b\u091c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0913\u091f\u094b \u0939\u0949\u0928 (Otto Hahn) \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u092e\u0948\u0928(Fritz Strassmann<\/strong>)\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0928\u0930 (Lise Meitner) \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u091f\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0936 (Otto Frisch)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235) \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0916\u0902\u0921) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>2-3 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u2192 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u2192 <strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Chain Reaction)<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <strong>\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923&nbsp; <strong>E = \u0394mc\u00b2<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Q \u092e\u093e\u0928) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 200 MeV \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\/\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 + \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1-1024x82.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148290\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1-1024x82.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1-600x48.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1-300x24.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1-768x61.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission1.png 1252w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"111\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2-1024x111.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148292\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2-1024x111.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2-600x65.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2-300x33.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2-768x84.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fission2.png 1194w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148742\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image111.jpg 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2-1024x388.png\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148745\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2-1024x388.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2-600x227.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2-300x114.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2-768x291.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image134-2.png 1106w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0935 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 <strong>E = mc\u00b2<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Fission) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Chain Reaction)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0935\u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Self-Sustaining Reaction)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Nuclear Reactors) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong>(\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0930<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong>(<strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong>) <strong>&#8211;<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<strong>:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 2-3 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>(Critical Mass):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Critical Mass) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Nuclear Explosion) <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 [(Control Rods) <\/strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940] \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Power Plants) \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u2192 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e (Atomic Bombs) \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u092e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0921\u0940\u0928-131)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0947\u091c\u0930) \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0930.\u091f\u0940.\u091c\u0940. (\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094b\u092a \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc54\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e (Heat) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u092a (Steam) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c<strong> \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 <\/strong>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b <strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 2-3 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928) \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f<strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (Neutron Moderators):<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0932 (H\u2082O), \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 (D\u2082O), \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 (Control Rods): <\/strong>\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928-\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 [Critical, Supercritical, and Subcritical]<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 (Multiplication Factor, K)<\/strong> = 1 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 (Critical State)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f K &gt; 1, \u0924\u094b \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f K &lt; 1, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 (Subcritical State) \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca51986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091a\u0947\u0930\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e <\/strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (Plutonium Production)<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238 (\u00b2\u00b3\u2078U)<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 (\u00b2\u00b3\u2079Pu) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f (Fissile) \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148297\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor1.png 780w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor1-600x78.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor1-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor1-768x100.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Pu-239) \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"562\" height=\"104\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148299\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor2.png 562w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Reactor2-300x56.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>U-238 \u2192 U-239 \u2192 Neptunium-239 \u2192Plutonium-239<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"286\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image95-3.png\" alt=\"\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\" class=\"wp-image-148816\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image95-3.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image95-3-300x143.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Basic Components of a Nuclear Reactor<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 (Fuel Rods)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 <\/strong>(Moderator)<\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 (D\u2082O), \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f, H\u2082O<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 (Control Rods)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u092c\u094b\u0930\u0949\u0928, \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0939\u0948\u092b\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 (Coolant)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e, CO\u2082, \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u094b\u0924 (Pressure Vessel)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915<\/strong>(Containment Structure)<\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u0936\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (\u091c\u0932\/\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 (\u092c\u094b\u0930\u0949\u0928\/\u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 (\u091c\u0932\/\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941)<\/strong> \u2192 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u092a<\/strong> \u2192 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u2192 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u2192 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930-<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Pressurized Water Reactor &#8211; PWR)<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0940\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0941\u092c\u094b\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092c\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925: \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f) \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 (Contamination) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0925\u0928 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 [Boiling Water Reactor BWR)<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description<\/strong>: \u092c\u0940\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092c\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932-\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e: \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 (PWRs \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930&nbsp; Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR)<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FBRs \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 (\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f (fissile) \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (depleted uranium) \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 &#8220;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928&#8221; \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Heavy Water Reactor &#8211; HWR):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0932 (H2O) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932, D<sub>2<\/sub>0) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938-\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Gas-Cooled Reactor):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e CO\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u2192 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 (\u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Cooling System):<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SCRAM (\u0906\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e (Containment Structure)<\/strong> \u2192&nbsp; \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Nuclear Fission) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947?<\/strong> \u2192 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u2192 \u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u2192 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0921\u0928\u0915\u0941\u0932\u092e, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924\u092d\u093e\u091f\u093e (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (1 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e = 3 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 (\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u091a\u0947\u0930\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932, \u092b\u0941\u0915\u0941\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947?<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 (\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0906\u0907\u0938\u094b\u091f\u094b\u092a) \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 (\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940):<\/strong> \u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f-60, \u0938\u0940\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u092e-137\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e-99m (\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\/\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Sterilization):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0940\u091f\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 (non-invasive) \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947?<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Non-Destructive Testing &#8211; NDT):<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 (Food Irradiation):<\/strong> \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928 (Mutation Breeding):<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092b\u0938\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 (\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947?<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RTGs (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators):<\/strong> \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 (Curiosity, Perseverance) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0928 (Nuclear Propulsion):<\/strong> \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (NASA \u0915\u093e NTP \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947?<\/strong> \u2192 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0915\u0940 (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0926?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e:<\/strong> \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>\u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e:<\/strong> \u091a\u0947\u0930\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932 (1986) \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0941\u0915\u0941\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e (2011) \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Nuclear Fusion)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 <\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 <\/strong>\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b2\u2081H):<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b3\u2081H):<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148305\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion.png 828w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion-600x71.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion-768x91.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.<strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148307\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion2.png 774w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion2-600x65.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion2-300x33.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion2-768x83.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148309\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion3.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion3-600x63.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Nuclear-Fusion3-300x31.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 4-5 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: 1 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928, 1 \u0915\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0939\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 1 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (MeV)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 (e.g., burning fuel)<\/td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928<\/td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 200 MeV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 17.6 MeV<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0916\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Nuclear Fusion) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 1920 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u092c <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u090f\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917\u091f\u0928 (Arthur Eddington)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930<\/strong> \u2192 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Electrostatic Repulsion) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u2192 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f (100 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u00b0C) \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u090f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u2192 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><br>E=mc<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (10-100 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u00b0C): <\/strong>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u2794 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u2794 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>3\u00d710<\/strong><strong><sup>9<\/sup><\/strong><strong>\u2009K<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong> \u2192 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0938, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 <\/strong>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947: <\/strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 (Tokamak, Stellarator)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc47\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a-\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Thermonuclear Fusion)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0949\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e-\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a-\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (~10\u2078 K) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u093c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/strong>, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Fusion in the Sun)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>1.5 \u00d7 10\u2077 K<\/strong> (15 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u00b0C) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a-\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Thermonuclear Fusion)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Proton-Proton Cycle)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f 4 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 26.7 MeV \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (Proton-Proton Cycle in the Sun)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 1: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (~15 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u00b0C) \u092a\u0930<strong> \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 <\/strong>\u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 <strong>\u092c\u0940\u091f\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f (<\/strong>Beta-Plus Decay) \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b2H),<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (e\u207a) \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094b (\u03bd\u2091) \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fusion-in-the-Sun.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148313\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fusion-in-the-Sun.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fusion-in-the-Sun-600x63.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Fusion-in-the-Sun-300x31.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928-\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 (Positron-Electron Annihilation)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u0923 1 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (e\u207a) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (e\u207b) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0949\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928-\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u094b \u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>1.02 MeV<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/new.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148315\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/new.png 628w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/new-600x55.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/new-300x28.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 2: \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-3 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e <strong>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u00b2H)<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 (p) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-3 (\u00b3He)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e-\u0930\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 (\u03b3) \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"672\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Deuterium-and-Proton-Fusion1.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148320\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Deuterium-and-Proton-Fusion1.png 672w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Deuterium-and-Proton-Fusion1-600x71.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Deuterium-and-Proton-Fusion1-300x36.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 3: \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-3 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-3 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-4 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-3 (\u00b3He) \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e-4 (\u2074He)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 (2p) \u0909\u092a-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"902\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-01-at-4.55.34\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148324\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-01-at-4.55.34\u202fPM.png 902w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-01-at-4.55.34\u202fPM-600x60.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-01-at-4.55.34\u202fPM-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Screenshot-2025-09-01-at-4.55.34\u202fPM-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 902px) 100vw, 902px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"842\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Helium-3-Fusion.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148326\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Helium-3-Fusion.png 842w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Helium-3-Fusion-600x58.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Helium-3-Fusion-300x29.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Helium-3-Fusion-768x75.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 842px) 100vw, 842px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>26.7 MeV <\/strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e: \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f (Mass Defect)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>E = mc\u00b2<\/strong>&nbsp; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <strong>\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0902 (\u03b3-rays)<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (Energy Production in Stars)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 <\/strong>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f (Future of the Sun)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 <strong>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 5 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093e\u0928\u0935 (Red Giant)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u092c\u094c\u0928\u0947 (White Dwarf)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc3b\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u092f (Nuclear Holocaust)<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e (Energy from Fission)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>200 MeV \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>50 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>4 \u00d7 10\u00b9\u2075 \u091c\u0942\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>20,000 \u091f\u0928 TNT<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f<\/strong> (Atomic Explosion) \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u2622\ufe0f \u0939\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f (Hiroshima Bombing, 1945): 6 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1945<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0939\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f 20,000 \u091f\u0928 TNT<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f <strong>10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 <strong>66,000 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>69,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u092e (Hydrogen Bomb\/Fusion Bomb)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u092e (Hydrogen Bomb)<\/strong> <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1954 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f <strong>10 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u091f\u0928 TNT<\/strong> \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092c\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f <strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0932\u092f, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u0940\u0924 \u090b\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 (Fusion) \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (Deuterium) \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (1 \u0932\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f 300 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e (Tritium) \u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 (Fission) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u092a-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 8,000 \u0932\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u092e\u0947\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 (Zero Carbon Emissions) \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0916\u094b\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0928 Plasma Confinement Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (\u091f\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 ITER) \u0905\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 2050 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (\u091f\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>ITER <\/strong>(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) \u2192 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 2035 \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 10 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0921\u093c\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927&nbsp; (Laser-Based Fusion):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>National Ignition Facility (NIF)<\/strong>, USA \u2013 2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0907\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d)\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SPARC \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (MIT &amp; Commonwealth Fusion Systems, USA)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u091f\u094b\u0915\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 2035 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India\u2019s Fusion Research<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 ITER \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0908\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0930 (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928) \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>SST-1 (Steady State Superconducting Tokamak)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0964<\/td><td>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e (Spent fuel, Nuclear waste), \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0964<\/td><td>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924), \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927), \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239\u0964<\/td><td>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0947), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 (\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u092e\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/td><td>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (~100 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928\u00b0C) \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>200 MeV \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0964<\/td><td>17.6 MeV \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>80,000 MWh \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091f\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-235\u0964<\/td><td>&gt;10,000,000 MWh \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>440 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e 15%\u0964 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 72% \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 ITER 2035 \u0924\u0915 500 MW \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 (0.02 kg CO\u2082\/kWh), \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/td><td>\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 80-100 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0947\u0930\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932 (1986), \u092b\u0941\u0915\u0941\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e (2011) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 (Nuclear Proliferation) \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/td><td>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 ~33-37% \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 ~100% \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1942 (\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0932-1, USA)\u0964<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 2025-2035 (ITER \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091a\u0947\u0930\u0928\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932, \u092b\u0941\u0915\u0941\u0936\u093f\u092e\u093e, \u0938\u0948\u0928 \u0913\u0928\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947, \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f C\u0964<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ITER (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938), \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0907\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 (USA)\u0964<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0909\u092a-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 250,000 \u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>6,000 TWh\/\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 10,000 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/td><td>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915; \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 <strong>\u0921\u0949. \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f (Three-Stage)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e (Thorium)<\/strong> \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Uranium)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (fissile)<\/strong> \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-233 (U-233)<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 (breed) \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 U-233 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-1024x503.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148331\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-600x295.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196.png 1454w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923-I: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (PHWRs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (U-238)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0935 \u0915\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 (D\u2082O)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 (Pu-239)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (enrichment) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 22 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 18 PHWRs \u0914\u0930 4 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (LWRs) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>8,180 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (MW)<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923-II: \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (FBRs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong>: \u091a\u0930\u0923-I \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/strong>: \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e (Liquid Sodium)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: \u092f\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (breeding)<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: \u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (PFBR)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e 500 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>FBR-600 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923-III: \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong>: \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-232 \u0915\u094b U-233 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u090f\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (AHWR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: AHWR \u0905\u092d\u0940 <strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 2030 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 <strong>2047 \u0924\u0915 100 \u0917\u0940\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (GW)<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 8.2 GW \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 49% \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id148731_69ffb7-70 kt-accordion-has-3-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane148731_73500c-a4\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 1 <strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0938) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane148731_c20ddf-fd\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 2 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0924: <\/strong>\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/strong>: \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0928\u0938\u0930<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092d\u0935\u0928(\u0915\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 ):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>{\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -235 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -239 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928&nbsp; \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0926\u094d\/\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964}<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane148731_ff9f86-3c\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 3 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 8180 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (SMRs) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 2070 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f-\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u2013 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e (22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SMR \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u2013 2035 \u0924\u0915 300 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2047 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9% \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 AHWR-300 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u2013 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 10 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0921\u0940\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u2013 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 100% \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane148731_584d43-23\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 4 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0921\u0949. \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e&nbsp; \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-1024x503.png\" alt=\"Nuclear fission and Fusion\" class=\"wp-image-148331\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-1024x503.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-600x295.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196-768x377.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image196.png 1454w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 I \u2013 \u0926\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (PHWR) Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 PHWR \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[U-238 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 + \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; U-238 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 (D2O) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PHWR \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 II &#8211; \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (\u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u0906\u0930):(Fast Breeder Reactor )(FBR):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, <strong>FBR<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, <strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c II<\/strong> \u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u0906\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 &#8220;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928&#8221; \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 blanket \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-233<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u0906\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 III &#8211; \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> (<strong>AHWR<\/strong>) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-232-\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-233<\/strong> \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e U-233<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928&nbsp; \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0916\u093c\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0921\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u092e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (FBR) \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8216;\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917&#8217;<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u0906\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930(<strong>PHWR<\/strong>) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0908( DAE)\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2032 \u0924\u0915 22,400 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0940\u091f \u092e\u094b\u0921&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>10 \u0928\u090f \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1757158395836\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0938) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1757158425641\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0924: <\/strong>\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/strong>: \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0928\u0938\u0930<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092d\u0935\u0928(\u0915\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 ):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><br\/>{\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -235 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -239 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u00a0 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0926\u094d\/\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964}<br\/><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1757158454234\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 8180 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (SMRs) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 2070 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f-\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u2013 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e (22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>SMR \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u2013 2035 \u0924\u0915 300 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2047 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9% \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 AHWR-300 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u2013 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 10 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0921\u0940\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u2013 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 100% \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1757158509008\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0921\u0949. \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><br\/>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u00a0 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092f\u0942-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><br\/><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 I \u2013 \u0926\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (PHWR) Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):<\/strong><br\/>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 PHWR \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>[U-238 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 + \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e]<br\/>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e 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\u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0908( DAE)\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2032 \u0924\u0915 22,400 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0940\u091f \u092e\u094b\u0921&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>10 \u0928\u090f \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 RAS \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0915\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 <strong>Connect Civils<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 <a href=\"https:\/\/connectcivils.com\/\">\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 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\u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158425641\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158425641\",\"name\":\"\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0924: <\/strong>\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/strong>: \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0928\u0938\u0930<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u092d\u0935\u0928(\u0915\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 ):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><br\/>{\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -235 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e -239 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u00a0 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915, \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915\u0926\u094d\/\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964}<br\/>\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158454234\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158454234\",\"name\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 8180 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (SMRs) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 2070 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f-\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u2013 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e (22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>SMR \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u2013 2035 \u0924\u0915 300 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2047 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9% \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 AHWR-300 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e 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\u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158509008\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158509008\",\"name\":\"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e 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\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><br\/>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f 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\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 PHWR \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>[U-238 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 + \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e]<br\/>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; U-238 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 (D2O) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>PHWR \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<br\/><br\/><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 II - \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (\u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u0906\u0930):(Fast Breeder Reactor )(FBR):<\/strong><br\/>\u00a0\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, <strong>FBR<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-238<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0907\u0938 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\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902<\/strong>: \u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092e\u0902\u0926\u0915 (\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f, \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0915<\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 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\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u092a \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964}<br\/>","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158454234","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158454234","name":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b 8180 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f (\u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2025 \u0924\u0915) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (SMRs) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 2070 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u091f-\u091c\u0940\u0930\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 2025 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u2013 2031 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e (22,480 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>SMR \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940<\/strong> \u2013 2035 \u0924\u0915 300 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 50 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2047 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 9% \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u2013 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 AHWR-300 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong> \u2013 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 10 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0921\u0940\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u2013 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 100% \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0932\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158509008","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/nuclear-fission-and-fusion\/#faq-question-1757158509008","name":"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0921\u0949. \u0939\u094b\u092e\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u092d\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><br\/>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, <strong>\u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e\u00a0 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>U-233<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092f\u0942-233<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><br\/><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923 I \u2013 \u0926\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (PHWR) Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR):<\/strong><br\/>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 PHWR \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0942\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e-239 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>[U-238 \u2192 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