{"id":148574,"date":"2025-08-28T20:29:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T14:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=148574"},"modified":"2025-09-04T18:36:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T13:06:18","slug":"magnetism-electro-magnetism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/\">\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id148574_6c2ef4-f6 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-d7fe43c8f60fca5da4168f396b38a583\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094c\u0939, \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f (\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 (universal) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f\u0928 <\/strong>\u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915, \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 <\/strong>\u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8216;Magnet&#8217;<\/strong> \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928 (Greece) \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 <strong>\u2018\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u2019 (Magnesia) <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 600 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>19\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0913\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921, \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930, \u092c\u093f\u0913 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0935\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936) \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Electromagnetism) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (Poles):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 (N) \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 (S)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092e \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u2194 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u2194 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 : \u274c \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u2194 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 : \u2705 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (Monopole)<\/strong> \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (Directional Property):<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u091f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902) \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 (Magnetic Induction):<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/strong> \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 (Alloys) \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0932\u094b\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0928 (Lodestone) \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f (Magnetite) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u094c\u0935\u0939\u0928 (Navigation) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091b\u0921\u093c (Bar) \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 (Horseshoe) \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f (Disc) \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 (Electromagnet) \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Magnetic Field) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>B<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e &amp; \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e (Tesla &#8211; T) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"872\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/megnatic.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-147958\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/megnatic.png 872w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/megnatic-600x321.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/megnatic-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/megnatic-768x410.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0925 (Closed loops):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 (North) \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 (South) \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902 \u2014 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e (Tangent) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u093e\u0938-\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930-\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0940\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u091f\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u2014 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0947 (Iron filings) \u091b\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc45\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Earth\u2019s Magnetism)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u2248 10\u207b\u2075 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u2014 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0930 (molten iron-nickel outer core) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 (convection currents) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939) \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image179-1.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148580\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image179-1.png 652w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image179-1-600x456.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image179-1-300x228.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (Magnetic Dipole) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e-\u091c\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 <strong>11.3\u00b0<\/strong> \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935:<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 79.74\u00b0 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936, 71.8\u00b0 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935:<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 79.74\u00b0 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936, 108.22\u00b0 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 (\u0905\u0902\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902: <\/strong>\u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935<\/strong>, \u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935<\/strong>, \u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 (Magnetic Declination &#8211; D):<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image191-1-557x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147964\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image191-1-557x1024.png 557w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image191-1-600x1104.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image191-1-163x300.png 163w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image191-1.png 636w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 (magnetic meridian) \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 (geographic meridian) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d, \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (navigators)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0920\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> 0\u00b041\u2032 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 (E)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902: <\/strong>0\u00b058\u2032 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e (W)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u091d\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e (Magnetic Dip or Inclination &#8211; I):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 <strong>\u0928\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 (Inclination) \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u092a (Dip)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e <\/strong>\u092a\u0930 \u2192 \u0921\u093f\u092a = 0\u00b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u092a\u0930 \u2192 \u0921\u093f\u092a = 90\u00b0<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0918\u091f\u0915 (horizontal component) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>&#8220;\u0921\u093f\u092a \u0928\u0940\u0921\u0932&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0921\u093f\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928\u0947\u0902 (solar wind \u2013 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e) \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\ud83d\udc49 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0911\u0930\u094b\u0930\u093e<\/em> (auroras) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a4 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928:<\/strong> \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1580 \u0938\u0947 1820 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3.5\u00b0 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u091f\u093e\u0935 (reversal of polarity)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0924 <em>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (fossil magnetism)<\/em> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f \u091a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (Magnetic Dipole):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935<\/strong> (magnetic dipole) \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091b\u0921\u093c \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (Magnetic Dipole Moment)&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>m<\/strong><strong> \u092f\u093e <\/strong><strong>M<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f (vector quantity) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"518\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-1024x518.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-147962\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-1024x518.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-600x304.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1-1536x778.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image166-1.png 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147970\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>m<\/em> = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>d<\/em><em> <\/em>= \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u0936<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908: <\/strong>\u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930\u2013\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930\u00b2 (A\u00b7m\u00b2) \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e (J\/T)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (Torque):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image168-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147974\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image168-1.png 602w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image168-1-600x305.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image168-1-300x152.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2-1024x226.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2-1024x226.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2-600x133.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2-768x170.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p2.png 1520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Potential Energy):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147979\" style=\"width:200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 <em>B<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2013 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u2013 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (Gauss&#8217;s Law for Magnetism):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147981\" style=\"width:150px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 (closed surface) \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0915\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 (magnetic monopoles)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<br>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Electrostatics) \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 (positive\/negative) \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"896\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-1024x896.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-147986\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-1024x896.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-600x525.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-300x262.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-768x672.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10-1536x1344.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-10.png 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902: <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 A<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 B<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940, \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092d\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u03bc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SI \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915:<\/strong> \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 (H\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc\u2080)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 (Magnetic Constant)<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 (free space) \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u03bc\u2080 = 4\u03c0\u00d710\u207b\u2077 H\/m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\/\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 (Magnetisation, M)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>M= m<\/strong><strong><sub>net&nbsp; <\/sub><\/strong><strong>\/ V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 (\u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930\/\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u2099\u2091\u209c = \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V = \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e M \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Magnetic Intensity, H)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>(\u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"298\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Screenshot-2025-08-28-at-6.22.04\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147995\" style=\"width:200px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"76\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-147993\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p6.png 302w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p6-300x75.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><br><em>H<\/em> = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (A\/m),<br><em>B <\/em>= \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Tesla),<br><em>\u03bc<\/em> = \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e,<br><em>\u03bc\u2080<\/em> = \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e,<br><em>M <\/em>= \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B, H \u0914\u0930 M \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (B) \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (H)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 M)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">B = \u03bc<sub>0 <\/sub>(H+M)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u093e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">B = \u03bcH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Magnetic Susceptibility, \u03c7)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 (M) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u03c7 = MH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03c7 = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 (A\/m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H = \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (A\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u03c7 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u2014 \u03c7 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u03c7)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Diamagnetic)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u03c7 &lt; 0<\/td><td>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Paramagnetic)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u03c7 &gt; 0 (\u0915\u092e)<\/td><td>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Ferromagnetic)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u03c7 \u226b 1 (\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915)<\/td><td>\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u03bc<\/strong><strong><sub>r<\/sub><\/strong><strong> \u0914\u0930 \u03c7 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">B = \u03bc<sub>0 <\/sub>(H+M)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u03c7 = MH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0924\u094b,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;&nbsp; B =&nbsp; \u03bc<sub>0<\/sub> (1+ \u03c7) H<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;&nbsp; B =&nbsp; \u03bc<sub>0<\/sub> \u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>H<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;&nbsp; B =&nbsp; \u03bc<sub> <\/sub>H<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>= 1 + \u03c7, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong> (Relative Magnetic Permeability) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc\u1d63)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc\\mu\u03bc) \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 (\u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f) \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>= \u03bc \/ \u03bc<sub>0<\/sub><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;\u03bc = \u03bc<sub>0<\/sub> \u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp; \u03bc<sub>0<\/sub> (1+ \u03c7)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>&gt; 1: \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>&lt; 1: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (diamagnetic) \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03bc<sub>r <\/sub>\u2248 1: \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1cfb5e89bd8dcd3496ce9de254b61dd6\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Magnetism) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941, \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 (unpaired) \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (net magnetic moment) \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Diamagnetic), \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Paramagnetic), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Ferromagnetic)\u0964 <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (Magnetic Susceptibility) \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u03c7)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc\u1d63)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (\u03bc)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u20131 \u2264 \u03c7 &lt; 0<\/td><td>0 \u2264 \u03bc\u1d63 &lt; 1<\/td><td>\u03bc &lt; \u03bc\u2080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>0 &lt; \u03c7 &lt; \u03b5 (\u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0927\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915)<\/td><td>1 &lt; \u03bc\u1d63 &lt; 1 + \u03b5<\/td><td>\u03bc &gt; \u03bc\u2080<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u03c7 &gt;&gt; 1<\/td><td>\u03bc\u1d63 &gt;&gt; 1<\/td><td>\u03bc &gt;&gt; \u03bc\u2080<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Diamagnetism)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (Diamagnetic) \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Lenz\u2019s Law) \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0924\u0903 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"396\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image143.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148007\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image143.png 810w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image143-600x293.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image143-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image143-768x375.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917 (orbital angular momentum) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0925 (current loops) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 (repulsion) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092f\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0932\u0942\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u094b \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0918\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0924\u0903, \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f 10\u2075)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0925 (Bismuth), \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e (Copper), \u0938\u0940\u0938\u093e (Lead), \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 (STP \u092a\u0930), \u091c\u0932, \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0923\u0940:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0922\u0915 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (Superconductors)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e (Perfect Conductivity)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935: \u03c7 = \u20131, \u03bc\u1d63 = 0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0907\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935)\u0964<br>\u2192 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u2192<strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 (Maglev Trains) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Paramagnetism)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"838\" height=\"316\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image86-2-1.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148010\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image86-2-1.png 838w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image86-2-1-600x226.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image86-2-1-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image86-2-1-768x290.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 (unpaired) \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (net magnetisation) \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"854\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image119-1.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148012\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image119-1.png 854w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image119-1-600x336.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image119-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image119-1-768x430.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (10\u207b\u2075 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 (\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u0930), \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Curie\u2019s Law):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (M), \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (B\u2080) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (T) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"138\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148014\" style=\"width:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f (\u03c7) \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148016\" style=\"width:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03bc\u2080<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f (M\u209b)<\/strong>: \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Ferromagnetism)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-1024x601.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148020\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-1024x601.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-600x352.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-768x451.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223-1536x901.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image223.png 1999w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (Unpaired Electrons):<\/strong> \u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (Magnetic Moment) \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Exchange Interaction &#8211; \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (Domain Formation):<\/strong> \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 (Domains) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br>\u27a4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ~10\u00b9\u00b9 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 ~1 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940)\u0964<br>\u27a4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<br>\u27a4 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (Retentivity \/ Hysteresis):<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930 (\u091a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923) \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/em> (Hard Magnetic Materials) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0910\u0932\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b (Alnico), \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 (Lodestone)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915, \u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/em> (Soft Magnetic Materials) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092e\u0943\u0926\u0941 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e (Soft Iron)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e (Iron), \u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f (Cobalt), \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 (Nickel), \u0917\u0948\u0921\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Gadolinium)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u03bc\u1d63 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 (1000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (T\u209b)<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (Phase Transition) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"552\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148022\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p9.png 552w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/p9-300x86.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 T<sub>C<\/sub>\u200b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc3d\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 (Hysteresis)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, <em>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/em> \u0909\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c (lag) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f <em>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 \u092c\u0932 (H)<\/em> \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 <em>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (B \u092f\u093e M)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148025\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2.png 630w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2-600x499.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f (\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938) (Magnetic Hysteresis):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 <em>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Retentivity)<\/em> \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0928 (demagnetise) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <em>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u092c\u0932 (Coercivity)<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a (B-H \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 <em>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H)<\/em> \u0914\u0930 <em>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (B)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f (Linear) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e<\/strong> \u2013 B \u0914\u0930 H \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Oa:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928 \u2192 B \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f (Saturation) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ab:<\/strong> H \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 B \u2260 0 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u2192 <em>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Retentivity)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>bc:<\/strong> H \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 B \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 <em>\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u092c\u0932 (Coercivity)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cd:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>de \u2192 ea:<\/strong> \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u092f\u0939\u0940 <em>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/em> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f (\u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 =<\/strong> \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 B \u0915\u093e H \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e<\/td><td>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0932\u0942\u092a (\u0915\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f)<\/td><td>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \/ Steel<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0932\u0942\u092a (\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e)<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 (Permanent Magnets)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Room Temperature) \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915 <em>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930-\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0925\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> \u27a4 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921 (solenoid) \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Material Requirements):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e (High Coercivity):<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091a\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 (Steel), \u0910\u0932\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b (Alnico), \u0915\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 (Cobalt Steel), \u091f\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0932 (Ticonal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 (Electromagnets)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921 (solenoid) \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 <em>\u0915\u094b\u092e\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 (Soft Iron)<\/em> \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e (Properties Required):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091a\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Applications): <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a: <\/strong>\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0930\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u092d\u0902\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (Eddy Current) \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-80d27ca9192e2a01e1b9fd491ba5439d\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090f\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Oersted\u2019s Experiment)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1820 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 <em>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 <em>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0908 (\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0938)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 <em>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0908<\/em>, \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u093e <em>\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0932\u091f<\/em> \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u201c\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u201d <\/strong>\u27a1 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 <em>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Electromagnetism)<\/em> \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1016\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image200.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148032\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image200.png 1016w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image200-600x298.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image200-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image200-768x381.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc47\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0942\u0920\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Right-Hand Thumb Rule)<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a <em>\u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0905\u0901\u0917\u0942\u0920\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0907\u0936\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947,<br>\u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0905\u0901\u0917\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u27a1 <em>\u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Straight wires)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u27a1 <em>\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0942\u092a (Circular loops)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u27a1 <em>\u0938\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0928\u0949\u092f\u0921 (Solenoids)<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image199.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148029\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image199.png 736w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image199-600x414.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image199-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 (\u0924\u093e\u0930)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 <em>\u0938\u0939\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u2b06\ufe0f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u2192 \u2b06\ufe0f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<br>\u2b07\ufe0f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0947 \u2192 \u2b07\ufe0f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u2b06\ufe0f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947 \u2192 \u2b07\ufe0f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image48-6.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148037\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image48-6.png 998w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image48-6-600x403.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image48-6-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image48-6-768x516.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: <\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0964 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0942\u092a (Circular Loop)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (I) \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0942\u092a (n) \u2192 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 = \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 n \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image80-3.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148039\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image80-3.png 610w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image80-3-600x525.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image80-3-300x263.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0949\u092f\u0921 (Solenoid)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 <em>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091b\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 (\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0910\u0902\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,\u0924\u094b \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u091b\u0921\u093c (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940) \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091b\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u091f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0932\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0909\u0932\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937: <\/strong>\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"546\" height=\"544\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image40-8.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148045\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image40-8.png 546w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image40-8-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image40-8-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e: \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0902\u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Fleming\u2019s Left-Hand Rule)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0941\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 (90\u00b0) \u0939\u094b\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u0942\u0920\u093e (Thumb)<\/strong> \u2192 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0940 (Forefinger)<\/strong> \u2192 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923) \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e (Middle Finger)<\/strong> \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image123-1.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148601\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image123-1.png 807w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image123-1-600x361.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image123-1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image123-1-768x462.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0932: \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 (\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"304\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1-1024x304.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148053\" style=\"width:900px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1-1024x304.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1-600x178.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1-768x228.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force1.png 1282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>F<\/strong> = \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932 (\u0938\u0926\u093f\u0936)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>I<\/strong> = \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 (\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0949\u092e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L<\/strong> = \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0917 (\u0938\u0926\u093f\u0936)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B<\/strong> = \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148051\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force2.png 450w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Lorentz-Force2-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03b8 = \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092e-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br>\u2192 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0935\u092f\u0935<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u091a\u0930 (\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0942\u092a, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 (\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915)\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u091f \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0936<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 (\u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image148.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148059\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image148.png 724w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image148-600x535.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image148-300x268.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2013 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u094b\u0907\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u091f-\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u091f\u0930)<\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0932\u093f\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc45\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u092c \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 (\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0907\u0902\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0902\u0917<\/strong>: \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f, \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong>: \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917: \u090f\u092e\u0906\u0930\u0906\u0908 (\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u092e\u0906\u0930\u0906\u0908 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c480dd65ba343bd1dbbb71f4e4bae76c\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 (Electromagnetic Induction)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0939\u093e\u0901 \u2014 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0928\u0947 1831 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932 (EMF) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u0916\u094b\u091c)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image134-1.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148064\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image134-1.png 1020w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image134-1-600x332.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image134-1-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image134-1-768x425.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 1:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 2:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 3:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932 (EMF) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u21d2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Faradays-Laws.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148065\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Faradays-Laws.png 360w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Faradays-Laws-300x110.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03d5 = \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 = B\u22c5A\u22c5cos\u2061(\u03b8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 (\u03a6) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e: \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u26d4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc42\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0925\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e <strong>\u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c<\/strong> (1834) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u26d4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148069\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2.png 288w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2-176x300.png 176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0902\u0921 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f 1: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e (\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f 2: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0947\u091c, EMF \u0909\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 = \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947 = \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 EMF\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932:<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0923:<\/strong> 90\u00b0 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930:<\/strong> \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e (\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0935):<\/strong> \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 (eddy) \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930:<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc45\">\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-1 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915):<\/strong> \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 (\u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-2 (\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915):<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940, \u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u091c\u092c \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u2192 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u2192 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940-2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"236\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image150-1.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148075\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image150-1.png 415w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image150-1-300x171.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0901-\u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0924\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u0940:<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e (N to S)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0901\u0917\u0942\u0920\u093e:<\/strong> \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"209\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image54-9.png\" alt=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" class=\"wp-image-148616\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 (\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u092e\u094b)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC) \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 (ABCD)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0932\u092f (R1 \u0914\u0930 R2)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0936 (B1 \u0914\u0930 B2)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image190-1.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148080\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image190-1.png 702w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image190-1-600x453.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image190-1-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 (\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u091a\u0930) \u0915\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0941\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0932 \u091f\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u092a\u0935\u0928, \u092d\u093e\u092a \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092b\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0921\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e B2 \u2192 B1 (\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e: ABCD) \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0909\u0932\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: B1 \u2192 B2 (\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e: DCBA)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 AC \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f 50 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 1\/100 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (DC) \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0932\u092f (\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u091f \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 <strong>\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 (DC Generator)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (DC)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>AC \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/td><td>DC \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \/ \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f<\/td><td>\u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0918\u0930, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 (AC \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f)<\/td><td>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AC \u0915\u0947 DC \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc38\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AC \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/strong> = \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u0932\u092f (full rings) \u2192 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DC \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930<\/strong> = \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0932\u092f ( split rings) \u2192 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c (\u0935\u093f\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0905\u092a) \u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u093e (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928) \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 AC \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, DC \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930:<\/strong> \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> AC \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"836\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image59-7.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148085\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image59-7.png 836w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image59-7-600x347.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image59-7-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image59-7-768x445.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? (\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 AC \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 AC \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"234\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Transformer-Formula.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148086\" style=\"width:100px\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V<sub>s<\/sub>\u200b = \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V<sub>p<\/sub>\u200b = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N<sub>s<\/sub>\u200b = \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N<sub>p<\/sub>\u200b = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0905\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0905\u092a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>N<sub>s<\/sub>\u200b&gt;N<sub>p<\/sub><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>N<sub>s<\/sub>\u200b&lt;N<sub>p<\/sub><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0905\u092a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092a-\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930, \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0921\u093e\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Eddy Current)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939) \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"712\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image217.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148092\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image217.png 712w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image217-600x404.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image217-300x202.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 712px) 100vw, 712px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f) \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915: <\/strong>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 (\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930): <\/strong>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091b\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u094b\u0930 (\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0901\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0913\u0935\u0930\u0939\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (AC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c = 220 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0930: \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b\u0921<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0930\u093e<\/td><td>\u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e<\/td><td>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0939\u0930\u093e<\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930: <\/strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\/\u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u0930 (Earth Wire): \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0932<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u092c\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e, \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u091f\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091d\u091f\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091c (220 \u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f) \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942\/\u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0932\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MRI \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 (\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MRI<\/strong> = \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u2192 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u2192 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u2192 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u093f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0930<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0925 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 = \u092d\u093f\u0928\u092d\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0939\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0902 (\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0932\u0928)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 = \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 600 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940\/\u0918\u0902\u091f\u093e \u0924\u0915)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0921\u092b\u094b\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0941) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0939\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image113.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-147952\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image113.png 602w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image113-600x478.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image113-300x239.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"546\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image112-1.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148042\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image112-1.png 546w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image112-1-300x160.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 546px) 100vw, 546px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0949\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id148574_596f2f-d6 kt-accordion-has-3-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane148574_47d9c6-1e\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 1 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (\u0908\u090f\u092e) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (EM) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"178\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/rajras.in\/85a9045d-3221-4f3c-a87e-e80584fd4b26\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0908\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902&nbsp; \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902&nbsp; c = 3.00\u00d710^8 m\/s, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0923-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0923\u0941 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928):<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 &#8220;\u092c\u0902\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902&#8221; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0940, \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane148574_805e3b-dc\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q.2 <strong>\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932, EMF) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"288\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148069\" style=\"width:100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2.png 288w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image83-2-176x300.png 176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF (e) = \u2212d\u03a6\/dt<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03a6 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane148574_769107-ad\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 3 <strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938(\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2.png\" alt=\"Magnetism &amp; Electro-Magnetism\" class=\"wp-image-148026\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2.png 630w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2-600x499.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image95-2-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (B) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092c\u0932 (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940):<\/strong> \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a (B-H \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930):<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f (\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756986316197\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (\u0908\u090f\u092e) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (EM) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0908\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0 c = 3.00\u00d710^8 m\/s, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<br\/><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0923-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0923\u0941 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928):<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 &#8220;\u092c\u0902\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902&#8221; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0940, \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756986361847\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932, EMF) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><br\/>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF (e) = \u2212d\u03a6\/dt<\/strong><br\/>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03a6 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1756986452011\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938(\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f):<\/strong>\u00a0<br\/>\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (B) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0964<br\/>\u091c\u092c \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 &#8211; \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092c\u0932 (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940):<\/strong> \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a (B-H \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930):<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0964<br\/>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f (\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f)\u0964<br\/>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0915 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":69911,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-148574","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 : \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935, \u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924, \u092c\u0932\u093e\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923, \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\/\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0928, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0924\u093e, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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\u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f (EM) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0935\u0924<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0908\u090f\u092e \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>EM \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0902\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0 c = 3.00\u00d710^8 m\/s, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<br\/><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0923-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0923\u0941 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928):<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \\\"\u092c\u0902\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902\\\" \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 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\u0939\u0948\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986361847\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986361847\",\"name\":\"\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932, EMF) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><br\/>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF (e) = \u2212d\u03a6\/dt<\/strong><br\/>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03a6 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 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\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986452011\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986452011\",\"name\":\"\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 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(\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938(\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f):<\/strong>\u00a0<br\/>\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (B) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0964<br\/>\u091c\u092c \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092c\u0932 (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940):<\/strong> \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a (B-H \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930):<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0964<br\/>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e 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\u0939\u0948\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986361847","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986361847","name":"\u0932\u0947\u0902\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?\u00a0","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>\u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0932, EMF) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><br\/>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 EMF (e) = \u2212d\u03a6\/dt<\/strong><br\/>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03a6 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0928 (\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917), \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986452011","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/physics\/magnetism-electro-magnetism\/#faq-question-1756986452011","name":"\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>\u0932\u094c\u0939\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/>\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938(\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f):<\/strong>\u00a0<br\/>\u092b\u0947\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 (B) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (H) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0964<br\/>\u091c\u092c \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 - \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092c\u0932 (\u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940):<\/strong> \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a (B-H \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930):<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0964<br\/>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092b\u0932 = \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f (\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f)\u0964<br\/>\u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=148574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148574\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=148574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}