{"id":146947,"date":"2025-08-12T17:55:21","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T12:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=146947"},"modified":"2025-08-19T23:16:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T17:46:43","slug":"excretory-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/excretory-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/\">\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/a><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id146947_68acc2-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e0b37230aae9d031f1b2cc30ae64314f\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u094b\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921, \u091c\u0932, \u0924\u0925\u093e Na\u207a, K\u207a, Cl\u207b, \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 <strong>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e: <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0932\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 (NH\u2084\u207a)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092e\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0939\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092d\u092f\u091a\u0930, \u091c\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0940\u091f, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915<\/strong> (Ammonotelic) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928: <\/strong>\u200b\u200b\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092d\u092f\u091a\u0930, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 , \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u091c\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e: <\/strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u0940\u0938\u0943\u092a, \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0918\u094b\u0902\u0918\u0947, \u0915\u0940\u091f, \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915 (Uricotelic)<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"834\" height=\"804\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image23-7.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\" class=\"wp-image-146951\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image23-7.png 834w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image23-7-600x578.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image23-7-300x289.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image23-7-768x740.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915: <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930: <\/strong>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f: <\/strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0925\u094d\u0930\u093e: <\/strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>: \u0926\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947, \u092c\u0940\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0936\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>10\u201312 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<\/strong>, \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 <strong>5\u20137 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 <strong>2\u20133 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930 <strong>120\u2013170 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u0940 (Renal Pelvis)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091a\u0937\u0915 (Calyces)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u091f (Outer Cortex):<\/strong> \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 (Inner Medulla):<\/strong> \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"820\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image25-8.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\" class=\"wp-image-146954\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image25-8.png 820w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image25-8-600x487.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image25-8-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image25-8-768x624.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0926\u0948\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0902\u0921 (\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0923\u0941)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 , \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <strong>10 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u092e\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0918\u0940\u0915\u093e\u092f (\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0923\u093f\u0915\u093e)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938: <\/strong>\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 <strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Afferent Arteriole)<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Efferent Arteriole)<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0941\u091f: <\/strong>\u0915\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"696\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9-1024x696.png\" alt=\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\" class=\"wp-image-146958\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9-1024x696.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9-600x408.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image7-9.png 1304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930: \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a) \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c\u093c, \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932, \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b) \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0942\u092a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>: \u0939\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0935 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e (\u092e\u0947\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e: <\/strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e: <\/strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c) \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924, \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e-\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0948\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0935\u0902 pH \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>d) \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 DCT \u0906\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940-\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 (ADH) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong>: \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong>: \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0915\u0930 <strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e<\/strong>: \u090f\u0915 U-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0927\u094d\u092f-\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936- \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (Juxta-medullary Nephrons)<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0942\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u091f (Cortex) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e (Vasa Recta): \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0927\u094d\u092f-\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936-\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 (Juxta-medullary Nephrons)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0942\u092a: \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 (Medulla) \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e : \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940, \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Function):<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u093f \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0932, \u0916\u094b\u0916\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0948\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091a \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Stretch Receptors) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e: <\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0938, pH \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0930 (\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940\u092f) \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 (\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u0928)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 (\u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932, \u0932\u0935\u0923, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e:<\/strong><br>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932, \u0932\u0935\u0923, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GFR (\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u0930)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (~125 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\/\u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u092f\u093e 180 \u0932\u0940\u091f\u0930\/\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928: <\/strong>\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 <strong>(JGA) <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 99% \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 (\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e) \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 (\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>a) \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (PCT):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092f\u0928: <\/strong>\u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e (Na\u207a), \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 (Cl\u207b), \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f (HCO\u2083\u207b)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932:<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pH \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935::<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u207a \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e (NH\u2083) \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HCO\u2083\u207b \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 pH \u0915\u094b \u092c\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&nbsp;b) \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0942\u092a:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Role:<\/strong> Maintains a concentration gradient in the kidney&#8217;s medulla through the <strong>countercurrent mechanism<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e: <\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Countercurrent Mechanism) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 (Medulla) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 (Descending Limb):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f (\u091c\u0932 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0917 (Ascending Limb):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0935\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f (\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 Na\u207a, Cl\u207b, \u0914\u0930 K\u207a \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0928\u0941 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>c) \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (DCT):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e: <\/strong>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 Na\u207a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pH \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u207a, K\u207a, \u0914\u0930 NH\u2083 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f (HCO\u2083\u207b) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>d) \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 (Collecting Duct):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 (ADH) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0911\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0936 (Hyperosmotic Medulla) \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b&nbsp; \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u0940 (Renal Pelvis) \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0928 (H\u207a): <\/strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 pH \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0928 (K\u207a): <\/strong>\u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e (NH\u2083):<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&nbsp;\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 pH \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0923: <\/strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915\/pH \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u2014\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u2014\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 (Ureters) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f (Bladder) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong>:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928: <\/strong>\u0914\u0938\u0924\u0928 1.5 \u0932\u0940\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0932 (~95%)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (\u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u090f\u091f\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <strong>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092b\u0940\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 <\/strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0948\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0938, \u091c\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e-\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (JGA), \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0911\u0938\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 <strong>(\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901) <\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0948\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0938 \u092a\u093f\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 (ADH) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ADH \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0932 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091a\u093e\u092a \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928-\u090f\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0928-\u090f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (RAAS):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091a\u093e\u092a)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e JGA \u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0928 II \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u092e\u0915 (Na\u207a) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0905\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (ANF):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092c \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091a\u093e\u092a \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f ANF \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RAAS \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939<strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u2192 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u2192 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u092c \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u092d\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u092b\u093f\u0902\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0940\u0932\u093e, \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092f (pH ~6.0)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932: \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, NaCl, \u091c\u0932, \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928: 1-1.5 \u0932\u0940\u091f\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0939\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u094b\u0939\u0928):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 (\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930) \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917 <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0907\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0935 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0925\u0930\u0940 (Kidney Stones):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0925\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0935\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 (\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938) \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (UTIs) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0940\u0928\u093e, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0925\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940\/\u0932\u093f\u0925\u094b\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0936\u094b\u0925):<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092f\u093e \u0911\u091f\u094b\u0907\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u093f\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u092f\u093e \u0911\u091f\u094b\u0907\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u0907\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e: <\/strong>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0964\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923: \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u0924\u0932\u0940, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u0927\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930: \u0939\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e: \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092b \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092e\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0940\u091f\u094b\u0928\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u091f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092e\u0947\u0939 \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 CO\u2082 (~200 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\/\u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (Metabolize) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0930\u0941\u092c\u093f\u0928, \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0928), \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NaCl, \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e: \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u092c\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u0932\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id146947_5b60ae-cc kt-accordion-has-3-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane146947_5b9f36-2d\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 1  <strong>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f<\/strong><br>a) <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br>b) <strong>\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935<\/strong>: \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-none, 0rem );padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id146947_4a89ba-8a alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column146947_313d32-6f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column146947_313d32-6f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image29-6-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146983\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image29-6-1.png 544w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image29-6-1-262x300.png 262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column146947_fd6891-9d\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1-1024x730.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146985\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1-600x428.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1-768x547.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image55-5-1.png 1131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f<\/strong>: \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938), \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f, \u0921\u0940, \u0908, \u0915\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940 12), \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u092b\u093c\u094d\u092b\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926\u00a0 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928: <\/strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0917\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928:<\/strong> \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928: <\/strong>\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1755625461340\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Q. 1  <strong>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f<\/strong><br\/>a) <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br\/>b) <strong>\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<br\/><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935<\/strong>: \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><br\/>\u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:<br\/><strong>\u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f<\/strong>: \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938), \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 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\u090f, \u0921\u0940, \u0908, \u0915\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940 12), \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 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<\/strong>\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 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\u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? b) \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<br\/><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0941\u0932\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094b\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u0938\u092e\u0940\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935<\/strong>: \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 (\u0921\u0940\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940) \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u090f\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 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\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><br\/>\u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0932\u093f\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/strong>:<br\/><strong>\u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f<\/strong>: \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938), \u0932\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0921 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f, \u0921\u0940, \u0908, \u0915\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940 12), \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong>: \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u091a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f: <\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u092b\u093c\u094d\u092b\u093c\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926\u00a0 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928: <\/strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0942\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923), \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0917\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928:<\/strong> 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