{"id":146785,"date":"2025-08-07T21:14:35","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T15:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=146785"},"modified":"2025-08-17T19:06:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T13:36:55","slug":"respiratory-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/\">\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928<\/a><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-22c53885bb3212f17b2d8a050393444c\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u091a\u092f\u093e\u092a\u091a\u092f (Metabolism) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e\u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930:<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e\u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947, \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 <strong>\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0922\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0942\u0932, \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0901\u0938\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0928\u0940:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0932\u0940 (Muscular Tube) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Lower Respiratory Tract)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Larynx &#8211; Voice Box):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u0941 (Vocal Cords) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u0940 (Trachea) \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0902\u0920\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0902\u0926 (Epiglottis):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090a\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u092a \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u0940 (Trachea &#8211; Windpipe):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0908 (Bronchi) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f C-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f (Cartilage) \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u0932\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940 (Bronchi):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940 (\u092c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902) \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u0915\/\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0913\u0932\u094d\u0938 (Bronchioles):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e (Alveoli)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, <strong>\u0925\u0948\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0913\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947<\/strong> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 <strong>\u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 (Lungs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0932\u094b\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0932\u094b\u092c)\u0964 \u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 (\u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940) \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png\" alt=\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-146788\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6.png 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<strong> \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928<\/strong> (\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f) \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 <\/strong>(\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924:\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928: <\/strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0915\/\u092e\u0941\u0901\u0939, \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u0940, \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0913\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f:<\/strong> \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928: <\/strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (ATP) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902): <\/strong>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0930\u0942\u0935\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 2 ATP \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092c\u094d\u0938 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902):<\/strong> \u092a\u093e\u0907\u0930\u0942\u0935\u0947\u091f \u091f\u0942\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921, NADH, FADH\u2082 \u0914\u0930 2 ATP \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (ETC) (\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902): <\/strong>NADH \u0914\u0930 FADH\u2082 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 ~34 ATP \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086 (\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0942\u0915\u094b\u091c)+6O\u2082\u21926CO\u2082+6H\u2082O+\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (38 ATP)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>IN DETAIL \u2192&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902: <strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0916\u0940\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930<strong> \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e: <\/strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u091b\u093e\u0924\u0940 (\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0937) \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0926\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: <\/strong>\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2193, \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u2191<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u2193 \u2192 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"834\" height=\"826\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9.png\" alt=\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-146796\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9.png 834w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9-600x594.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image34-9-768x761.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e : \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 (\u0938\u093e\u0901\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2192 \u2193 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2193 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u2192 \u2191 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903-\u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 (\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915) \u2192 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u094b\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"816\" height=\"764\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image31-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146794\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image31-6.png 816w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image31-6-600x562.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image31-6-300x281.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image31-6-768x719.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0927\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0927\u0940 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 (TV): <\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(~500 mL). \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 6000 \u0938\u0947 8000 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940. \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\/\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 (IRV):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093e (~2500\u20133000 mL).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 (ERV): <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (~1000 mL).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928 (RV): <\/strong>\u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0935\u093e (~1100\u20131200 mL).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (IC):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u00a0 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IC = TV + IRV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (EC):\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EC = TV + ERV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (FRC):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FRC = ERV + RV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (VC):\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (\u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928) \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VC = ERV + TV + IRV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (TLC):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 (\u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924) \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TLC = RV + ERV + TV + IRV<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947: <strong>TLC = VC + RV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f (\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 (O\u2082 \u0914\u0930 CO\u2082) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940\u092f (\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901) -\u0915\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e <\/strong>\u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"842\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8-1024x842.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146808\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8-1024x842.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8-600x493.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8-768x631.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image14-8.png 1124w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 &#8211;<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0941\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u091c\u094b O\u2082 and CO\u2082 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>O2<strong> (mm Hg)<\/strong><\/td><td>CO2 <strong>(mm Hg)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>159<\/td><td>0.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>104<\/td><td>40<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>95<\/td><td>40<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090a\u0924\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td>40<\/td><td>45<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 <strong>\u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\u200b\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 (O\u2082):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e (\u2191pO\u2082) \u2192 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u2192 \u090a\u0924\u0915 (\u2193pO\u2082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 (CO\u2082):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090a\u0924\u0915 (\u2191pCO\u2082) \u2192 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u2192 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0940 (\u2193pCO\u2082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CO\u2082 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e O\u2082 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CO\u2082 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> O\u2082 \u0938\u0947 20-25\u00d7 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u2192 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 (O\u2082) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> 4 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u092a\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 (Fe\u00b2\u207a \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2192 1 O\u2082 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u2192<\/strong> O\u2082 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 (\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0907\u0921 \u0935\u0915\u094d\u0930)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a pO\u2082 (\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947): <\/strong>O\u2082 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e pO\u2082 (\u090a\u0924\u0915): <\/strong>O\u2082 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924: <\/strong>\u2191pCO\u2082, \u2193pH, \u2191\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u2192 \u2193O\u2082 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e (\u092c\u094b\u0939\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 (CO\u2082) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 (20-25%) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CO\u2082 + \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 (Hb): \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>O\u2082 Hb \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u2192 \u2193CO\u2082 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O\u2082 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u2192 \u2191CO\u2082 \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0928 (70%) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0924\u0915 (\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a CO\u2082):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CO\u2082 + H\u2082O \u2192 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921 H\u2082CO\u2083 \u2192 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0928<strong> (HCO\u2083\u207b) <\/strong>\u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u0928 <strong>(H\u207a)<\/strong>\u0964 (\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947)\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0936\u093f\u092b\u094d\u091f: <\/strong>HCO\u2083\u207b RBC \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, Cl\u207b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947 (\u0915\u092e CO\u2082):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>HCO\u2083\u207b + H\u207a \u2192 H\u2082CO\u2083 \u2192 CO\u2082 + H\u2082O \u2192 CO\u2082 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 (5-7%):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CO\u2082 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>5-7%<\/td><td>CO\u2082 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/td><td>20-25%<\/td><td>CO\u2082 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 (\u0905\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 (\u0935\u093f\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0928 (HCO\u2083\u207b) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/td><td>70%<\/td><td>CO\u2082 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c \u090f\u0902\u091c\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0906\u092f\u0928 (HCO\u2083\u207b) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092e<\/strong> (\u092e\u0947\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0902\u0938) \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0921\u0941\u0932\u093e:<\/strong> \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0902\u0938:<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a CO\u2082 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091a \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938:<\/strong> \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938: <\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u091b\u0940\u0902\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 CO\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 O\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 CO\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0926\u092e\u093e (Asthma)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u2192 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u0918\u0930\u0918\u0930\u093e\u0939\u091f, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092b\u0942\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928, \u0916\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u090f\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923, \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0925\u094b\u092b\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\/\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u2192 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0939\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940-\u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0949\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091a\u093f\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u2192 \u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u2192 \u2193\u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u2192 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928\/CO\u2082 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u0942\u092e\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0928 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915: <\/strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093e-1 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u094b\u0917-\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Pathophysiology):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2193\u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u091a \u2192 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0901\u0938\u0928\u093e \u2192 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u2192 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0915\u0932\u0940\u092b, \u091a\u093f\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940, \u091b\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928, \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0932-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u0942\u092e\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e (\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0925\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092a\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u0941\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0941\u0938\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u090a\u0924\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2193O\u2082 \u2192 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u2192 \u2191 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2191CO\u2082 \u2192 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u090f\u0938\u093f\u0921\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938 (\u2193pH) \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u2191\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0926\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u2192 CO\u2082 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, pH \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u092e\u093e, \u0938\u0940\u0913\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0940)\u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":69930,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-146785","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Connect Civils\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-17T13:36:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"866\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rajras16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/\",\"name\":\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-07T15:44:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-17T13:36:55+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"RAS 2024 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"RAS \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"\u0906\u0930\u090f\u090f\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930 2\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Biology\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/\",\"name\":\"RajRAS\",\"description\":\"Rajasthan RAS 2021 | Assistant Professor Exam | Police SI GK Preparation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RajRAS Edu Services\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png\",\"width\":150,\"height\":76,\"caption\":\"RajRAS Edu Services\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/rajras16\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rajras16\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/rajras\/\",\"https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/rajasthanras\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC4SzIBtIwirMtxcGWgiJ85g\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils","description":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/","og_locale":"hi_IN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils","og_description":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","og_url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/","og_site_name":"Connect Civils","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16","article_modified_time":"2025-08-17T13:36:55+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1300,"height":866,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@rajras16","twitter_misc":{"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f":"10 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/","name":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0 - Connect Civils","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png","datePublished":"2025-08-07T15:44:35+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-17T13:36:55+00:00","description":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0: \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0935 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936\/\u0915\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u092b\u0947\u092b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image37-6-1024x682.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/respiratory-system\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"RAS 2024 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"RAS \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"\u0906\u0930\u090f\u090f\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930 2","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Biology","item":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/biology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u00a0"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#website","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/","name":"RajRAS","description":"Rajasthan RAS 2021 | Assistant Professor Exam | Police SI GK Preparation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#organization","name":"RajRAS Edu Services","url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"hi-IN","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/RajRAS-Logo-2.png","width":150,"height":76,"caption":"RajRAS Edu Services"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Rasexam16","https:\/\/x.com\/rajras16","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/rajras16\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/rajras\/","https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/rajasthanras\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC4SzIBtIwirMtxcGWgiJ85g"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146785"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146785\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}