{"id":145116,"date":"2025-07-15T01:11:40","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T19:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=145116"},"modified":"2026-01-07T18:18:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T12:48:41","slug":"revolt-of-1857-in-rajasthan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/rajasthan-history-culture\/revolt-of-1857-in-rajasthan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/rajasthan-history-culture\/\">\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 &amp; \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/a><\/em> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0940, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f RAS Mains \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948; RAS \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/pre\/rajasthan\/history\/revolt-of-1857\/\">\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id145116_595ab6-4c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ad6b0cea6f338b463c84326405da4404\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 :<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 29 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1857 \u0915\u094b 34\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u0932\u0916\u0928\u090a, \u092c\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0940, \u091d\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u093e \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0936, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135-1024x646.png\" alt=\"Revolt of 1857 in Rajasthan | \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\" class=\"wp-image-142853\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135-1024x646.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135-600x379.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135-768x485.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image135.png 1226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1832 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u091c\u0940\u091c\u0940 (\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u091f\u0942 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932) \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0940\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0925\u0947\u0964 1845 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f \u0906\u092c\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092a\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0940\u091c\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926<\/td><td>\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0932\u0940<\/td><td>\u091f\u094b\u0902\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e<\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a<\/td><td>\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0916\u0947\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u0939\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 (1857)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0949\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0928&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u091c\u0938\u0935\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 I<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0908\u0921\u0928&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 II<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0948\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0928&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0916\u093c\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930&nbsp; \u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0928&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 28 \u092e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092c\u0930 \u090f\u091c\u0940\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 15\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u0948\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0940, \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0915\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>28 \u092e\u0908 1857 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 15\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u0948\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 30\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u0948\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u092c\u0949\u091f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0940\u0964 2 \u091c\u0942\u0928 1857 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u092b\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0918\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;<em>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u092a\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em>&#8221; 3 \u091c\u0942\u0928 1857 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a 3 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1857 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094c\u0921\u093c, \u0939\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0917\u0922\u093c, \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0932 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0936\u0949\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f.\u091c\u0940.\u091c\u0940. \u0932\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e\u0964 8 \u091c\u0942\u0928, 1857 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 21 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1857 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 <strong>&#8220;\u091a\u0932\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>21 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1857 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0916\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0932\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0925\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e (8 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 1857- \u092c\u093f\u0920\u094b\u0921\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0940\u0925\u0915\u094b\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f.\u091c\u0940.\u091c\u0940. \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0906 (18 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 1857- \u091a\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927)\u0964 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0948\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0928&nbsp; \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f.\u091c\u0940.\u091c\u0940. \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0932\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940\u0937\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0932\u0942\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 8 \u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 1860 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 1864 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0917\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<strong> &#8220;\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908&#8221;<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 15 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1857 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0926\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 15 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1857 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0928, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0964 3 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1858 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0930\u0949\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0926\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091a\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092f\u0926\u092f\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0916\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>31 \u092e\u0908 1857 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092e\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1857 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0926\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 1000 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u092f\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0927\u094c\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940-\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0930\u091c\u0940 (\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8221; \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0942\u091f\u092a\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0918\u093e\u0930\u0938\u0940\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u093f\u0930 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0916\u0948\u0930\u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u090f, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0932\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u092d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0916\u094b\u0902\u0916\u0930\u0940) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0916\u094b\u0902\u0916\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093e\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940-\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0926\u0942\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u0940\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0941\u0922\u093c\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0938\u0932\u0942\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0932\u0942\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0938\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0920 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094c\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0938\u0926 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u090a\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u091a\u0902\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0939) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u0901\u0920\u093f\u092f\u093e<strong> <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e 1797 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0938\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u0938 \u0917\u092f\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0930\u091a\u0902\u0926 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0932\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0906\u0932\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0928 (\u091f\u094b\u0902\u0915) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u094b\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0935\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0930-\u0909\u0926-\u0926\u094c\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0906\u0932\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u0940\u0930 \u0906\u0932\u092e \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0936\u0939\u0940\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0927 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0920\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0947\u092c \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u092e\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0947\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0917\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u091f\u094b\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0924 \u0936\u0939\u091c\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u092b\u093f\u0930\u094b\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1858 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e \u0930\u0949\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1858 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u090f, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0930\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u094b 18 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1859 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0935\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 (\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0942\u0902\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0932\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0938 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f <em>&#8220;\u0906\u092f\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930&#8221;<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u0902\u0915\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094c\u0930 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b <em>&#8220;\u092e\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0930\u093e \u092e\u0940\u0920\u093e \u0920\u0917&#8221;<\/em> (\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0940\u0920\u0947 \u091a\u094b\u0930) \u0915\u0939\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0939\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0940 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0939\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f (\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930) :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0916\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0935\u093f :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0906\u090a\u0935\u093e) \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0902\u0924\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 (\u0928\u093f\u0902\u092c\u093e\u091c) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091c \u092c\u094b\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u094d\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0947\u091c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 1947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940:<\/strong> \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a: <\/strong>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0935\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923: <\/strong>\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0928\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092b\u0940\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092c\u0902\u0926\u094b\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0936\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930:<\/strong> \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0902\u0921 <\/strong>: \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e: \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0930\u091a\u0902\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u0920\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f : <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e: \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u090f-\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926&#8221; \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u092a\u0942\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 : <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 1865 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 : <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f :<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0925\u0942\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0916\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, &#8220;\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 :<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 :<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 :<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e : <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0940 \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 <em>\u0926 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928<\/em> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 :<\/strong> 1857 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 : <\/strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e, &#8220;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u0942\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0964&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b <em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/em> \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0928\u0940\u092e\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 <em>\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/em> \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 <em>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/em> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0906\u0909\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 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\u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<strong> <\/strong><strong><em>\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 1822 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0942\u0901\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 1833 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong><em>\u0915\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0927<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 1841 \u092e\u0947\u0902<strong> <\/strong><strong><em>\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 <\/strong>\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0947.\u0938\u0940. \u092c\u0941\u0915\u0930, \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u092d\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0930, \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 1853 \u092e\u0947\u0902<strong> <\/strong><strong><em>\u0921\u093e\u0915\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 1831 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong><em>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 1844 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0941\u0921\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong><em>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940<\/strong> \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 <em>\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/em> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 1929 \u0915\u0947 <strong><em>\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em><\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 1856 \u0915\u0947 <em>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 <strong><em>\u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 (\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930), \u0938\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0914\u0930 <strong><em>\u0938\u094b\u092b\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 (\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930)<\/em><\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u090f\u091f \u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 <strong><em>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u093e<\/em><\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc66\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e :<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940&nbsp; &nbsp; \u091a\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0920 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917&#8221; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0915\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0926\u0942-\u091f\u094b\u0928\u0947 (\u0921\u093e\u0915\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <em>\u091c\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093f<\/em> (\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e) \u092f\u093e <em>\u092d\u0942 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093f<\/em> (\u0917\u0921\u094d\u0922\u093e \u0916\u094b\u0926\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e) \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e (\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0941\u0906 \u092e\u091c\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u091c \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <em>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/em> \u092f\u093e <em>\u091a\u093e\u0915\u0930<\/em> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<strong>\u0936\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 1929 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0926\u093e (\u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 <em>\u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/em> \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u092f\u0941 18 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 14 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>1817-18 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> 1839 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0925\u0949\u0930\u0938\u092c\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> 1839 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0936\u0902\u092d\u0941 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 &#8216;<strong>\u092e\u0939\u0915\u092e\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0938<\/strong>&#8216; \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 &#8216;<strong>\u0907\u091c\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0916\u093e\u0938<\/strong>&#8216; \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0905\u092a\u0940\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> 1910 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0935\u0902\u0936, \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>1850 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>I<\/strong><strong><sup>st <\/sup><\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a, \u091a\u092e\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0938\u094b\u0921\u093e \u0935\u0949\u091f\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>II<sup>nd <\/sup>&#8211; \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc6e\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1889 <\/strong>: \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0949\u091f\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932 (\u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1906 <\/strong>: \u090f\u0921\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0949\u091f\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932 (\u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930) &#8211; \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1913 <\/strong>: \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e (\u0932\u093e\u0916\u0947\u0930\u0940), 1930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094b\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1932 <\/strong>: \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932 (\u092d\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1943 <\/strong>: \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 <\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>1865 \u0914\u0930 1875 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930-\u0916\u0948\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u092d\u0930 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1873 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0941\u0908, \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964 1899 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930-\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094c\u0921\u093c\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 1839 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 1866-67 \u0924\u0915, \u091c\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 18 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 1872 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0930\u0942, \u0930\u0924\u0928\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0922\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0938 \u0916\u094b\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, 1864 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0916\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id145116_09872b-dc kt-accordion-has-3-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane145116_6054a9-72\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Q. 1 <strong>\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0925\u0947 ?<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2018)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong>: \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u0932\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8221; \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u092a\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0924\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u091f\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0920\u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c :<\/strong> \u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0935 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0916\u0948\u0930\u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094b\u0916\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1753712813333\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0925\u0947 ?<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2018)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong>: \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u0932\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 &#8220;\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8221; \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u092a\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0924\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u091f\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0925\u0947\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0920\u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c :<\/strong> \u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0935 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0916\u0948\u0930\u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094b\u0916\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \/ \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 &amp; \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0940, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":69306,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-145116","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : \u0928\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e, \u092d\u0930\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094b\u092a\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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\u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u0932\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \\\"\u0927\u093e\u0935\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\\\" \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0927\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u092a\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0924\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u091f\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0925\u0947\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0920\u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c :<\/strong> \u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0935 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0916\u0948\u0930\u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094b\u0916\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f - Connect Civils","description":"\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1857 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f : 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\u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0927\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0942\u091f\u092a\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0924\u094b\u0924 \u092a\u091f\u0947\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0925\u0947\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0920\u092d\u0947\u0921\u093c :<\/strong> \u0918\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0938\u0930 (\u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0930 \u0935 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u092b\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u091c\u0940 \u0916\u0948\u0930\u0916\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0921\u0942\u0902\u0917\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094b\u0916\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0927\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 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\u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145116\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/69306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}