{"id":141831,"date":"2025-07-02T14:50:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T09:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=141831"},"modified":"2025-07-03T01:12:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T19:42:05","slug":"chemical-and-biological-weapons","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/chemical-and-biological-weapons\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a><\/em> \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 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.kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141831_89fc99-09 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1e4c1b4d5a91d6e783c40ff60efc3fde\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (CBW) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938, \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u093c\u0939\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0926\u0941\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938) \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 (\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0928 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932, \u092c\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947, \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 =<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 (WMD) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094c\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u094b\u092a\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u0947, \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902, \u092c\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0942\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\" class=\"wp-image-141834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930-600x291.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915-\u0914\u0930-\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 : \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0915, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f (Impermeable) \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Antidotes) : \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 &#8211; \u090f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0928 (Atropine) \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 (Nerve Agents) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (1915): \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (\u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938) \u2192 1917: \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927: \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928-\u092c\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1960 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u0926\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u2192 \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927: \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u093e\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0940 (\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0911\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<strong>\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1980 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u0908\u0930\u093e\u0928-\u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947: \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092e \u0936\u093f\u0928\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 (1995 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094b\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2017 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0906\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0902\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0947 \u092a\u0930 VX \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0902\u0917-\u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0902\u0917-\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0943\u0939 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (2011-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (OPCW) \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 2013 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u094c\u091f\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e (\u0938\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u094c\u092e\u093e (2018) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e (2020) : \u0930\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094b\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094b\u0915 (Novichok) \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0942\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a (\u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937) : \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0928 (Chloropicrin) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1899 \u0939\u0947\u0917 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1925 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 : \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 (First Use) \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1960-1980 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915: \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 (UN) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Chemical Disarmament) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1990: \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1992<\/strong>: <strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (Chemical Weapons Convention &#8211; CWC)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 (UN) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u093f\u0924 (Ratified), 1997 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0902\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0906\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f: \u0939\u0930\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0921 (Herbicides) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u091f\u093e\u0908 (Deforestation), \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 (Soil Degradation), \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 (Water Contamination) \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e<\/strong> : \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (CW Stockpiles) \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 (Leakage) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong> : \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e (Non-State Actors), \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0964 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 (Dissemination Methods) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (CWC), 1997<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 (History)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1925 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u2192 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Possession) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1993: CWC \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u094b\u0932\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>29 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1997: \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (CWC) \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (OPCW) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u2192 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936: 193 \u0926\u0947\u0936, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (2013 \u0938\u0947) \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0928 (2018) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u093e\u0926:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u091c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0932: \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e: \u092e\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0921\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 (\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938: \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0939\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2192 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0930\u0938: \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u093e (Toxic) \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 CWC \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Non-Toxic Purposes) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 (Illumination) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 (Controlled Substances) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b OPCW \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0940\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u0923 I: \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2000 \u0924\u0915 1%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u0923 II: \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2002 \u0924\u0915 20% (\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e-\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0942\u0926, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u0923 III: \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2004 \u0924\u0915 45%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u0930\u0923 IV: \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2007 \u0924\u0915 100% (\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2012 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f (2019 \u0924\u0915)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 72,304 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 97.51% \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>57% \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e-\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0942\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e, <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924<\/strong>, \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915, \u0932\u0940\u092c\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0938\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (3 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901):<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 1: <\/strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u2192 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e 1 \u091f\u0928\u0964 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 2: <\/strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u2192 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0932)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 3: <\/strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u2192 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 >30 \u091f\u0928\/\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0928)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OPCW \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (OPCW)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f: \u0926 \u0939\u0947\u0917, \u0928\u0940\u0926\u0930\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CWC \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2013 \u0928\u094b\u092c\u0947\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930: OPCW \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 (Taboo) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0916:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 14 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1993 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (CWC) \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 2 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 1996 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0942\u0928 1997 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 1,044 \u091f\u0928 \u0938\u0932\u094d\u092b\u0930 \u092e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2009 \u0924\u0915, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f<\/strong>: CWC \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 2000 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (NACWC) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 2024 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 OPCW \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941 \u20ac10,000 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>OPCW \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a<\/strong>: \u0938\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (UNSC) OPCW \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092b\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935 (\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938, \u092b\u0902\u0917\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935, \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e: \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f: \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e: \u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0917, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092b\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938: \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092b\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f\u093f\u0938, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0932\u092a\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 (1979 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939) \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928: \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0940\u0928 (\u0905\u0930\u0902\u0921\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u091f\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0928\u092e \u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0935\u0915: \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0932\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u0939\u0942\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0941\u0906, \u092b\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>200 \u0908.\u092a\u0942.: \u0939\u0948\u0928\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u0939\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1155: \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u092c\u093e\u0930\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093c\u0939\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1346: \u092e\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1763: \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0947\u091a\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u092c\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1940: \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0942 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927: \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927: \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2001: \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935-\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 1918 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0942) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 (\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e) \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e: 9\/11 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 2001 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 5 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u091c\u0928\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f<\/strong>: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923, \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong>: \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong>: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940<\/strong>: \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1925 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (1972)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/strong>: \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 (\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923, \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0906: 26 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1975<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e: 187 \u0926\u0947\u0936 (\u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 2024 \u0924\u0915)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (WMDs) \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u0943\u0923\u093f\u0924&#8221; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>History:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1925 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e (\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1969: \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1972 BWC \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e: \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1975: BWC \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 I: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 II: \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 III: \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 VI: \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 (UNSC) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 X: \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u200b\u200b<strong>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (BWC) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 (CRISPR, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940, AI, \u0930\u094b\u092c\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u0941\u0902\u0927\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(Verification Difficulties) \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930) \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f: \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 1540 (2004)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924<\/strong>: 28 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 2004<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong>: \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941, \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 (WMDs) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b WMDs \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b WMD \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e: \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u090f\u0902\u0925\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923: \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092b\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c) \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0941\u0916<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 2002 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f \u090f.\u092a\u0940.\u091c\u0947. \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e : &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BWC \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 15 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 1974 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (BWC) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0935-\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (DRDO) \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0930\u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (WMD) \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2005 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e 13 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>43 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u092f\u0942 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094c\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u091a \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (CBW) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (CWC) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (BWC) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0908\u0930\u093e\u0928-\u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (1980-1988) \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 19 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 2018 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u201c\u091c\u0948\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947\u201d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0911\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0928\u090f\u0938\u091c\u0940 (NSG) \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0935\u093f\u0915 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