{"id":141336,"date":"2025-06-15T10:39:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-15T05:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=141336"},"modified":"2025-07-19T13:04:05","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T07:34:05","slug":"quantum-computing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/quantum-computing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id141336_0b161f-42 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8fe4860beea6ed7c986d062b73dfd4e4\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f (Advanced Computing Paradigm) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 &#8211; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Superposition), \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f (Entanglement), \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Interference) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 (Classical Computers) \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 0s \u0914\u0930 1s \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Qubits) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Multiple States) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 (Classical) \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f (Linear) \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0926\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Drug Discovery): \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Climate Modeling): \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Shor\u2019s Algorithm) \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Qubits)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f (Quantum Bit) \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 0 \u092f\u093e 1 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u091f (Qubit) \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u2223\u03c8\u27e9= \u03b1\u22230\u27e9 + \u03b2\u22231\u27e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u03b1 \u0914\u0930 \u03b2 \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Complex Numbers) \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (0 \u092f\u093e 1) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>0 \u092f\u093e 1<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcXO_XJ-OFARHpTiQUqlfSM8G8rCZUSI1Rn1HjDz3d13B0q0NlhOq6ATaTVINpd-uSp_A98-U3zjSl6u1VUV1LVBrOvq7GcRNUZ-97hBwZRs_IGnXzb4qpAK__wd2gXIYbwlvLS5A?key=CbdFXLfDEjk9il7dVVOPNovS\" width=\"133\" height=\"175\"><\/td><td>0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902)<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdJwxbZRlCFQbGd_G3YBHD8kbFjIn_dbVqCgU88nRM9_4tsGJkYmQ3ktTssdzb9VYhQe1AhTPbpybw64KHgbxYqZElycE5thT5tsK02rJ5YRO-VRdsA6iypNFl_mm_CDI9KHgMdUQ?key=CbdFXLfDEjk9il7dVVOPNovS\" width=\"146\" height=\"174\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 0 \u092f\u093e 1<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 0 \u092f\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f (collapse)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0926\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u092e<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<\/td><td>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e (Massive Parallelism):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0917\u0941\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f (Exponential Speedup):<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (Real-world Applications):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0917<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2000s<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2010s<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IBM, Google, \u0914\u0930 Microsoft \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0928\u0947 2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0940&#8221; \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938: Qiskit (IBM), Cirq (Google), \u0914\u0930 Q# (Microsoft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2020s \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0930\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940, AI, \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u092e\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940: <\/strong>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938: <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0930\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0932\u094d\u091f \u091f\u0949\u0932\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938: <\/strong>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u0940 &#8220;Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum&#8221; (NISQ) \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a-\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 (Atomic &amp; Subatomic) \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong><br>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917-\u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e (Wave-Particle Duality)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0923 (Quantum Objects) \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 (Wave) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0923 (Particle) \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Interference) \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Tunneling) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (Quantum Algorithms) \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (Gate Operations) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (Quantum Measurement)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e (0 \u092f\u093e 1) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093f\u0924 (Collapse) \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 0 \u092f\u093e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0928\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 <\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 (Paired Properties) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (Position) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0917 (Momentum) \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Quantum Systems) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 (Probabilistically) \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 (Execute) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Superposition)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (Quantum System) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 (\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f 0, 1 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (|\u03c8\u27e9 = \u03b1|0\u27e9 + \u03b2|1\u27e9)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0939\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928 \u0917\u093f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 <\/strong>: \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 (Parallel Processing) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 (Process) \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image62-1.png\" alt=\"\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\" class=\"wp-image-140184\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image62-1.png 632w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image62-1-600x505.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image62-1-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0909\u0932\u091d\u093e\u0935 (Entanglement)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Qubits) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 (Correlated) \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b 0 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 1 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 (Albert Einstein) \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8220;\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8221; (&#8220;Spooky Action at a Distance&#8221;) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Secure Communication): \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0932\u091d\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0948\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"424\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image61.png\" alt=\"Quantum Computing\" class=\"wp-image-140187\" style=\"width:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image61.png 598w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image61-300x213.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Quantum Interference)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Interfere) \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Quantum Interference) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 : <\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0909\u091f&#8221; \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Quantum Tunneling)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 (Classical Particles) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 (Energy Barriers) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 &#8220;\u0906\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0930&#8221; \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927 (Energy Barrier) \u0905\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u094d\u092f (Insurmountable) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0923 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 (State Transitions) \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0928\u0940\u0932\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Quantum Annealers) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928) \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u094b-\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f (No-Cloning Theorem)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f (Exact Copy) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f (Quantum Coherence)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Superposition) \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938 (Decoherence)<\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0921\u093c\u092c\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Noise) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Errors) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u0947\u0935-\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0948\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0940\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e (Probabilistic Outputs) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u094c-\u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Quantum Communication) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Qubits)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940: \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092c\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Quantum Gates)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 AND, OR, NOT \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 (Manipulate) \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 (Transform) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0948\u0921\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u0947\u091f (Hadamard Gate, H) \u2013 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b 0 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 (Equal Superposition) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CNOT \u0917\u0947\u091f (\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924-NOT): \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940-\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0917\u0947\u091f (Pauli-X Gate) \u2013 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 NOT \u0917\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u0939 0 \u0915\u094b 1 \u0914\u0930 1 \u0915\u094b 0 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Quantum Circuits)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Quantum Error Correction)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Cryogenic Systems)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0905\u092a (Quantum Speedup)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e (Parallelism)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (Quantum Algorithms)&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (Shor\u2019s Algorithm):<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u0916\u0902\u0921 (Factorization) \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (RSA) \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 (Unsorted Database) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 <\/strong>: \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (AI Models) \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917: \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e <\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 0 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 <\/strong>&nbsp;\u2192 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong> \u2192 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong> \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (0 \u0914\u0930 1) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (0, 1, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e (\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0915\u094b\u0930)\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0964 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0926\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0964<\/td><td>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0926\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e<\/td><td>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f (Probabilistic), \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u092c\u0942\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u091c\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924)<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0949\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092b\u0942\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 AND, OR, NOT\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0921\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921, CNOT, \u092a\u093e\u0913\u0932\u0940-X\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 (Copying)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Coherence) \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0930 (Noise) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (Parity Checks)<\/td><td>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0921) \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0936\u094b\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0930<\/td><td>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932, \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Decoherence) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 (RSA, ECC) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (QKD) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947&nbsp; \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e <\/strong>: \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e (Shor\u2019s Algorithm) RSA \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0916\u093c\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (QKD)<\/strong>: QKD \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0924\u0943\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Eavesdropper) \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BB84 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 QKD \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f<\/strong> (Micius Satellite) \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 QKD \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940:<\/strong> \u0928\u090f \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 (Resistant) \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0932\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0938-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#8dd2fc57\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u094b (Willow)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0928\u0947 Willow \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 10 \u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 (10\u00b2\u2075) \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u090f.\u0906\u0908. \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e: <\/strong>\u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 RSA) \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0917 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e (Personalized Medicine) \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u092b\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938<\/strong>: \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 (Route Optimization) \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0910\u0928\u0940\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Quantum Annealing) :<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928) \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e-\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>, <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 (QSVM), \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (QNN).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0930\u0940\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094b \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 &#8211; \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940&nbsp; <\/strong>: <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d <\/strong>: <\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0930\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong> QKD): \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u093f-\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932<\/strong>: 2019 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u093e (Quantum Supremacy)<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0940 <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2192 \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0947 Sycamore \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IBM<\/strong>: <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 <\/strong>\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A. \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e (Decoherence) : <\/strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0916\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902.\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>: \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong>: \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 20-100 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902.\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0948\u092e\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 (Sycamore Processor)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 53 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 : <\/strong>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> IBM \u0915\u093e <strong>Quantum Hummingbird<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 Google \u0915\u093e <strong>Sycamore Processor<\/strong> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 <\/strong>: \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0906\u092f\u0928, \u091f\u094b\u092a\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938) \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947-\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902.\u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IBM \u0914\u0930 Google \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B. \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <strong>Shor\u2019s Algorithm<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>Grover\u2019s Algorithm<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C. \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 :&nbsp; <\/strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0916\u092a\u0924 : <\/strong>\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D. \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Quantum Mechanics)<\/strong>, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>E. \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 :&nbsp; <\/strong>\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>F. \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e : <\/strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f : <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>G. \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NISQ \u092f\u0941\u0917&nbsp; : \u0939\u092e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NISQ \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e : <\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924-\u091a\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 (Electromagnetic Radiation), \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 (Temperature Changes), \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928 (Mechanical Vibrations) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 (Decoherence) \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong>:&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 (Cryogenic Environment): \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (Near Absolute Zero) \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: IBM \u0915\u093e Quantum Hummingbird \u0914\u0930 Google \u0915\u093e Sycamore \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928 (0.015 K) \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0930\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 (Quantum Error Correction &#8211; QEC): \u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 QEC \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u094b\u0938 (1924):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0948\u0915\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092c\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 : \u092c\u094b\u0938-\u0906\u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Bose-Einstein Statistics)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 (NQM)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923: <\/strong>\u20b96,003.65 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c ($730 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928) [2023\u201331]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 50\u20131000 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u0911\u092b \u092b\u0902\u0921\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a (TIFR): \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2192&nbsp; 24-\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923; \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 100-\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>QpiAI (\u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 25-\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u0932\u0948\u092c (QCAL)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940:<\/strong> <strong>MeitY<\/strong> &amp; AWS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UK-India Tech Initiative (2024):<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902:<\/strong> US-India IcET &amp; EU-India TTC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IBM \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0925\u0940\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u092c\u094d\u0938&nbsp; (T-Hubs):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f (RRI), \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u27a1 \u0932\u0948\u092c: Quantum Information and Computing (QuIC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IISc), \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u27a1 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930: Centre for Excellence in Quantum Technology (CEQT)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f (HRI), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IIT), \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u27a1 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930: Centre for Quantum Information, Communication, and Computing\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a<\/strong>: \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0928 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e <\/strong>: \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 (Regulations) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ISRO:<\/strong> 300 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915:<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (NIC), \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&nbsp;\u0930\u092e\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f :<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092e \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DRDO:<\/strong> \u0938\u0948\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e (Global Quantum Race)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong>: <strong>\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0907\u0928\u093f\u0936\u093f\u090f\u091f\u093f\u0935 <\/strong>\u092c\u091c\u091f: <strong>$1.2 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> (10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091a\u0940\u0928<\/strong>: \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 <strong>Micius<\/strong> \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918<\/strong>: \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0917\u0936\u093f\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092b\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917: <strong>\u20ac1 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928<\/strong> (10 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928&nbsp; (NQM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f: <strong>April 2023<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u091c\u091f<\/strong> \u2192 \u20b96,003 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c, \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f: 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 (2023\u20132031)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f <\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 (QT) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (R&amp;D) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 (QTA) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928<\/strong>: \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (DST)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u2192\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Quantum Communication)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e (Quantum Computation)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 (Quantum Sensing and Metrology)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Quantum Materials and Devices)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 (Approach)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\u0939\u092c-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0915-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0907\u0915&#8221; \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 <\/strong>: 8 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 50-1000 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 2000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2000 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930-\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940-\u0928\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0918\u0921\u093c\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932-\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NQM \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u092c\u094d\u0938 \u2192 4 \u0925\u0940\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u092c\u094d\u0938 (T-Hubs) \u091c\u094b \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IISc) \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0932\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong>: \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (IIT) \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u091f\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092e\u0948\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (C-DOT), \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940<\/strong>: IIT \u092e\u0941\u0902\u092c\u0908 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: IIT \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R&amp;D \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u2192<\/strong> \u090f\u0932\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0949\u0932, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>NQM \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u2013 $125 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 (2030 \u0924\u0915)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924, \u090f\u0906\u0908 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e, \u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092e\u0947\u0915 \u0907\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 (Atmanirbhar Bharat) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (SDGs) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id141336_e4b43f-ea kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane141336_1a63e8-f3\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0930\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u090f \u0964\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/strong>(0 \u092f\u093e 1)<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXclGfeUMO4RBiGtwA2sanZElX3nAqYD96zJAsoNObV0MVwPWBGlOUsdw0-PhkcLzMfv8wA5fmKrwgAWnSra5J2vSD6vzke0HjkiQxhOPKEuflSyfarsO5dmTu1EfZGQIEaYNbe6sg?key=WtRVk9XctSShiy7PsD4XWA\" width=\"133\" height=\"175\"><\/td><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/strong>(0, 1, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925)<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdVJ0jxuwbtXK2dCRbeTX2_oIanFoT6vUGWdgxXoyaWayEMTMMFqSjQl4swAUhP1iSw0d6AkGjij5bSaUgDVAei6cR7sIxRtNVqNsUf88hs_aoqPk6tbIXptgQffHjTzTdZuD7iqA?key=WtRVk9XctSShiy7PsD4XWA\" width=\"146\" height=\"174\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Classical physics)<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 1:1 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0930<\/td><td>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 (\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (AND, OR, NOT)<\/td><td>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Hadamard, CNOT)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f-\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane141336_265465-aa\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/strong> (\u0905\u0902\u0915 &#8211; 5 M, 2013)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>&nbsp;\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<strong> (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2-10 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938)\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e <\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u092e\u094d \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e: \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0907\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (\u091c\u0932, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1752910193834\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0930\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928 (\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u090f \u0964\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br\/><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942\u00a0<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u00a0<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/strong>(0 \u092f\u093e 1)<br\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"133\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXclGfeUMO4RBiGtwA2sanZElX3nAqYD96zJAsoNObV0MVwPWBGlOUsdw0-PhkcLzMfv8wA5fmKrwgAWnSra5J2vSD6vzke0HjkiQxhOPKEuflSyfarsO5dmTu1EfZGQIEaYNbe6sg?key=WtRVk9XctSShiy7PsD4XWA\"\/><br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/strong>(0, 1, \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925)<br\/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"146\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdVJ0jxuwbtXK2dCRbeTX2_oIanFoT6vUGWdgxXoyaWayEMTMMFqSjQl4swAUhP1iSw0d6AkGjij5bSaUgDVAei6cR7sIxRtNVqNsUf88hs_aoqPk6tbIXptgQffHjTzTdZuD7iqA?key=WtRVk9XctSShiy7PsD4XWA\"\/><br\/><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><br\/>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Classical physics)<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/><strong>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930)<\/strong><br\/>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 1:1 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0930<br\/>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 (\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938)<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u00a0<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (AND, OR, NOT)<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Hadamard, CNOT)<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><br\/>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f-\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1752910196037\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/strong> (\u0905\u0902\u0915 &#8211; 5 M, 2013)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 &#8211; \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<strong> (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2-10 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e <\/strong>:\u00a0<br\/>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u092e\u094d \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947)\u0964<br\/>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<br\/>\u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<br\/>\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e: \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0907\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<br\/>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 (\u091c\u0932, \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 (\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0936\u094b\u0927 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 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\u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><br\/>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Classical physics)<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u2192 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0917\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092a\u094b\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/><strong>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930)<\/strong><br\/>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 1:1 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\u00a0<\/strong><br\/>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094b\u0930<br\/>\u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 (\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0939\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938)<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u00a0<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0949\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0928\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f<\/strong><br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (AND, OR, NOT)<br\/>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0917\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 (Hadamard, CNOT)<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><br\/>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f-\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<br\/>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e 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(\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 - \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928, \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u0948\u0921\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921) \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<strong> (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2-10 \u0928\u0948\u0928\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930)<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e <\/strong>:\u00a0<br\/>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u092e\u094d \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947)\u0964<br\/>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 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\u0938\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/quantum-computing\/#faq-question-1752910196037","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/quantum-computing\/#faq-question-1752910196037","name":"\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0964 (\u0905\u0902\u0915 - 5 M, 2013)","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0921\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 - 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