{"id":140572,"date":"2025-06-08T14:15:28","date_gmt":"2025-06-08T08:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=140572"},"modified":"2025-07-19T17:29:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T11:59:40","slug":"mobile-telephony","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science-tech\/mobile-telephony\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/ras\/mains\/paper-2\/science\/\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/a> \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id140572_9dee76-b8 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e0fa76caa75fb758cbfeecb32181d8f8\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>: \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928, \u091f\u0948\u092c\u0932\u0947\u091f) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902::<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930: <\/strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong> \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0932 (Cells) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 (\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e):<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938:<\/strong> \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0932, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928: 4G \u092f\u093e 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902: \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938, \u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0910\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938: \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0921 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932<\/td><td>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 (MSC) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0935 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/td><td>\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0932, \u090f\u0938\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0938, \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/td><td>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Hexagonal \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"794\" height=\"672\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image50-2.png\" alt=\"Mobile telephony\" class=\"wp-image-139684\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image50-2.png 794w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image50-2-600x508.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image50-2-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image50-2-768x650.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930 (\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928) :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u091f\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0938\u0947\u0932) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 (\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (MSC):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MSC \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u092c (Hub) \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 PSTN \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u0942\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0911\u092b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0928 \u0939\u094b) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0915\u0939\u0949\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0948\u0915\u0939\u0949\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0909\u0938 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0913\u0935\u0930 (Handover &#8211; Handoff):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0911\u092b \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 : <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0949\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u091f\u0949\u0935\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (FM):<\/strong> \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 (QAM):<\/strong> \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 :<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FDMA (\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917):<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TDMA (\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917):<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f (Time Slots) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CDMA (\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917):<\/strong> \u0939\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OFDM (\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917):<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0948\u0930\u0940\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (Switching Techniques)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Circuit Switching) :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 :<\/strong> \u0926\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 :<\/strong> 1G (\u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917) \u0914\u0930 2G (GSM) \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d :<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f, \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f:<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0925 \u0924\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Packet Switching) :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 : <\/strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Different Routes) \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 :<\/strong> 3G (HSPA), 4G (LTE), \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d :<\/strong> \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f :<\/strong> \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0924\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image45-3.png\" alt=\"\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940\" class=\"wp-image-139692\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image45-3.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image45-3-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image45-3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image45-3-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Picture Courtesy- Telenor IoT<\/strong><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1G (\u092b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928): \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 (1980 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f (SMS \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 (FDMA)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 (Continuous Waveforms) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>800 MHz \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940; \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u091f (\u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e) \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923) :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Motorola DynaTAC 8000X (1983) :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1 kg \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u091c\u0928, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 30 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u091f\u0949\u0915 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2G (\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928): \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 (1990 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SMS (\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 <strong>(GSM)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 <strong>(CDMA)<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/strong>\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 :<\/strong><ul><li><strong>\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 (TDMA):<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li><li><strong>TDMA:<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li><li><strong>CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access):<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2G 900 MHz \u0914\u0930 1800 MHz \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1G \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0936\u094b\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 (SIM Cards) \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906 (Portable)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923) : Nokia 1100 (\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.5G: 3G \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0926\u092e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2G \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 3G \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f <strong>GPRS (\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938)<\/strong> and <strong>EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)<\/strong>\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GPRS:<\/strong> \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928, GSM \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EDGE (in 2.75G):<\/strong> <strong>8-PSK \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u091c\u094b GPRS \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3G (\u0925\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928): \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f (2000 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f 2 Mbps \u0924\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e (UMTS)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 CDMA (WCDMA)<\/strong> \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UMTS\/WCDMA:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938 (CDMA)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.1 GHz \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2G \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0910\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938\u0947\u091c (MMS) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 : \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 iPhone 3G<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0910\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 <strong>WhatsApp \u0914\u0930 Facebook <\/strong>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4G (\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928): \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 (2010 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0911\u0932-IP \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 1 Gbps \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0913\u0935\u0930 LTE (VoLTE)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0921\u0947\u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LTE (\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0917-\u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0907\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928)<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>WiMAX<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>700 MHz, 1800 MHz, \u0914\u0930 2600 MHz \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3G \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d::<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u091a\u0921\u0940 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong>, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0948\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940 S \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0906\u0908\u092b\u094b\u0928 6 \u0938\u0940\u0930\u0940\u091c\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2016 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0902\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0940 4G \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0932\u093e \u0926\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LTE: \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0917-\u091f\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0907\u0935\u094b\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LTE<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 4G \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930, \u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency), \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (Capacity) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f OFDMA (\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938): <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0909\u092a-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Subcarriers) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f SC-FDMA (\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0938): <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0911\u0932-IP \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930,\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LTE \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> (2G\/3G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 (VoIP) \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 IP-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f: <\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915:<\/strong> 300 Mbps \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915:<\/strong> 75 Mbps \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e&nbsp; :<\/strong> 10 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0940\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MIMO (\u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u0932 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f):<\/strong> \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5G (\u092b\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928): \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 (2020 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f:<\/strong> \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0917\u0924\u093f 10 Gbps \u0924\u0915, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e: <\/strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e &lt;1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u0940\u092f\u0932-\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 <\/strong>: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 IoT \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Network Slicing) <\/strong>: 5G \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938) \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b&nbsp; (NR)<\/strong>: 5G \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b (NR)<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sub-6 GHz (6 GHz \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e) \u2192 <\/strong>\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930-\u0935\u0947\u0935 (mmWave &#8211; 24 GHz \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915) \u2192 <\/strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)<\/strong>: 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0918\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938<\/strong>: 5G \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 (24 GHz \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0932\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0902\u091c \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c) \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0964 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0949\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930-\u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 : <\/strong>24 GHz \u0938\u0947 100 GHz \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Advanced Beamforming) : <\/strong>\u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092e\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uses <strong>OFDM (\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0928\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917) :<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a (Interference) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 (DSS): <\/strong>\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e 4G \u0914\u0930 5G \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 4G \u0914\u0930 5G \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4G \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u093e\u092c\u0932\u0947 5G \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (Industrial Automation) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Augmented Reality &#8211; AR)\/\u0906\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Virtual Reality &#8211; VR) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra \u0914\u0930 iPhone 15 Pro 5G-\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Airtel \u0914\u0930 Reliance Jio \u0928\u0947 2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902 5G \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Ultra-Reliable Communication Systems) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 5G \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 72,097.85 MHz\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e 20 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938:<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> 3300 MHz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> 26 GHz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 (\u0905\u0917\u0938\u094d\u0924 2022)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u20b91.5 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 US$17.97 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 71% \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092c\u0947\u091a\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reliance Jio:<\/strong> \u20b988,078 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 24.74 GHz \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bharti Airtel:<\/strong> \u20b943,084 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0915\u0930 19.867 GHz \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Adani Group:<\/strong> 26 GHz \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 (\u091c\u0942\u0928 2024)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940:<\/strong> \u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u20b911,340 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c (US$1.35 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u20b996,000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c (US$11.3 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u2192 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 12%\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0911\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong> \u0915\u0941\u0932 10,523 MHz \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bharti Airtel:<\/strong> \u20b96,856.76 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 97 MHz \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vodafone Idea:<\/strong> \u20b93,510 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 50 MHz \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reliance Jio:<\/strong> \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u20b9973.62 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>5G<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>6G<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921<\/strong><\/td><td>20 Gbps \u0924\u0915 (\u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915)<\/td><td>\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 100 Gbps \u0938\u0947 1 Tbps \u0924\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921<\/td><td>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f 1 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>Sub-6 GHz \u0914\u0930 24.25 GHz \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930<\/td><td>30 GHz to 3 THz<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/td><td>\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, AI-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 IoT \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/td><td>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e-\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0938\u093f\u0928, \u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0935 VR\/AR \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935, \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 4.0 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938: 5G \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 (6G)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a:<\/strong> 2030 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921:<\/strong> 1 Tbps (\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921) \u0924\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947:<\/strong> \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 6G \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928: 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 6G \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928&#8221; (Bharat 6G Vision) \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b 2030 \u0924\u0915 6G \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 6G \u090f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0902\u0938 (B6GA)<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 6G \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f: 2030 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 6G \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e 10% \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b 6G \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948,\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (Infrastructure Readiness)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (R&amp;D) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0927\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1G<\/strong><strong>(1980s)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0915\u094b\u0908 SMS \u092f\u093e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/td><td>FDMA, \u090f\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 (800 MHz \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)\u0964<\/td><td>~2.4 kbps<\/td><td>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2G<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>1990s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 SMS, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/td><td>GSM, CDMA, TDMA (900\/1800 MHz \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)<\/td><td>~64 kbps<\/td><td>\u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e, SMS \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e, \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2.5G<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>Late 1990s \u2013 Early 2000s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921, \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/td><td>GPRS, EDGE<\/td><td>~100-200 kbps<\/td><td>2G \u0914\u0930 3G \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u0941\u0932, \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0908\u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>3G<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>2000s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0939\u093e\u0908-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932, \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/td><td>UMTS, WCDMA, \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0902\u0917 (2.1 GHz \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)<\/td><td>~2 Mbps<\/td><td>\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0910\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0964\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0910\u092a \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 WhatsApp \u0914\u0930 Facebook \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>4G<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>2010s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921, VoLTE, HD \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964<\/td><td>LTE, WiMAX (700\/1800\/2600 MHz \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921)<\/td><td>~1 Gbps<\/td><td>HD \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0917\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u093c\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0921 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>5G<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>2020s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921, \u0915\u092e \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940, IoT \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0964<\/td><td>\u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930-\u0935\u0947\u0935, \u092c\u0940\u092e\u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917, MIMO (24-100 GHz)\u0964<\/td><td>~10 Gbps<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, AR\/VR, \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0964\u0939\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0925\u0915\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Beyond 5G (6G)<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong>Expected in 2030s<strong>)<\/strong><\/td><td>AI \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/td><td>TBD<\/td><td>~1 Tbps<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935-\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0964\u0905\u092d\u0942\u0924\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2023<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 (Enacted):<\/strong> 25 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, 2023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1885 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1933\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>OTT \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0913\u0935\u0930-\u0926-\u091f\u0949\u092a (OTT) \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924, \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0921\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0935\u0947 (RoW):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915\/\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0938\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 (Positive Aspects):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OTT \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e:&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e (Privacy) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Freedom of Expression) \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0938\u094c\u0926\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (Drafting Process) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f (Digital Bharat Nidhi)&#8221; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092b\u0902\u0921 (USOF) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id140572_7a7003-fc kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane140572_f27d79-e8\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong> (\u0905\u0902\u0915 &#8211; 5 M, 2021)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947 1G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 Gbps \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 4G (1 Gbps), 3G (2 Mbps), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency):<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 &lt;1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 4G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b IoT (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b (NR), \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 mmWave, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (FDMA), \u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (TDMA), \u0938\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (CDMA), \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u091f\u0940\u0908 (LTE) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> 5G AR\/VR, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c\u093c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5G<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1752926356867\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong> (\u0905\u0902\u0915 &#8211; 5 M, 2021)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0928\u0947 1G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 Gbps \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 4G (1 Gbps), 3G (2 Mbps), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency):<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 &lt;1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 4G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b IoT (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b (NR), \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 mmWave, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (FDMA), \u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (TDMA), \u0938\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (CDMA), \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u091f\u0940\u0908 (LTE) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> 5G AR\/VR, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c\u093c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>5G<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e: \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 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\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 Gbps \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 4G (1 Gbps), 3G (2 Mbps), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency):<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 &lt;1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 4G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b IoT (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b (NR), \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 mmWave, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (FDMA), \u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (TDMA), \u0938\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (CDMA), \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u091f\u0940\u0908 (LTE) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> 5G AR\/VR, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c\u093c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>5G<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 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\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 5G \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 Gbps \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 4G (1 Gbps), 3G (2 Mbps), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0902\u092c\u0924\u093e (Latency):<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 &lt;1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f 4G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 50 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b IoT (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f \u0911\u092b \u0925\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940:<\/strong> 5G \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b (NR), \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0935 mmWave, \u092e\u0948\u0938\u093f\u0935 MIMO, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (FDMA), \u091f\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (TDMA), \u0938\u0940\u0921\u0940\u090f\u092e\u090f (CDMA), \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0932\u091f\u0940\u0908 (LTE) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong> 5G AR\/VR, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940\u091c\u093c \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0949\u092f\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>5G<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0940\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e 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