{"id":134982,"date":"2025-04-09T12:46:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T07:16:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=134982"},"modified":"2025-04-16T16:17:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T10:47:17","slug":"global-business-investment-mncs-fdi-and-fii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/global-business-investment-mncs-fdi-and-fii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (MNCs), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (FDI), \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 (FII)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (MNCs), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (FDI), \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 (FII)<\/strong> \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939, <a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/\">\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928<\/a> (Marketing) \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id134982_72539e-b2 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a2186992e49fe3fbbd0967c663b22770\" style=\"background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Multinational Corporations)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 (MNC) \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f (Headquarters) \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Subsidiaries), \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (Joint Ventures) \u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Partnerships) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 MNCs \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 (International Trade), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Technology Transfer) \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Economic Integration) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MNCs \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> (Global Presence) \u2013 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/strong> (Centralized Headquarters) \u2013 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0939\u0926-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/strong> (Large-Scale Operations) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e (Supply Chain) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (R&amp;D) \u2013 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 <\/strong>(Innovation) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/strong> (Technological Leadership) \u2013 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 <\/strong>(Brand Recognition) \u2013 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 <\/strong>(Diverse Workforce) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Examples):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932 (Google), \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 (Apple), \u0938\u090a\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u094b (Saudi Aramco), \u091f\u094b\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 (Toyota Motors) \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Multinational Companies &#8211; MNCs) \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 (Organizational Structure), \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (Business Model), \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 (Management Style) \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 (\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Centralized or Global Corporation)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 (\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942) \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Decentralized or Multi-Domestic Corporation)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Transnational Corporation &#8211; TNC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (International Corporation)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 (\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915) \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Centralized or Global Corporation)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f (Headquarters) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (Cost Efficiency) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Standardization) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 (Standardized Products) \u2013 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Strong Central Control) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 (Minimal Local Adaptation) \u2013 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e (Economies of Scale) \u2013 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apple (USA) \u2013 iPhones, MacBooks \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coca-Cola (USA) \u2013 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 (\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942) \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Decentralized or Multi-Domestic Corporation)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 (Customize) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Independent Subsidiaries) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 (High Local Adaptation) \u2013 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Independent Subsidiaries) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Customer-Centric Strategy) \u2013 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nestl\u00e9 (Switzerland) \u2013 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 Maggi Noodles \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u091f\u0940 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u0915\u0948\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>McDonald&#8217;s (USA) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u093e\u092c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u0942 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 McAloo Tikki \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 Teriyaki Burger\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (Transnational Corporation &#8211; TNC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 (Global Strategy + Local Adaptation) \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Mix of Global and Local Strategy) \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0940\u091c\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (Resource Sharing) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e (Flexible Structure) \u2013 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unilever (UK &amp; Netherlands) \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toyota (Japan) \u2013 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 (International Corporation)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0926\u0947\u0936 (Home Country) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 (Export) \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f (Limited Foreign Presence) \u2013 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924-\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (Export-Oriented Model) \u2013 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (Lower Investment) \u2013 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Boeing (USA) \u2013 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ferrari (Italy) \u2013 \u0907\u091f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 (\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940) \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f (Market Expansion &amp; Revenue Growth)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0928\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 (Revenue) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u092d\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Emerging Markets) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>McDonald&#8217;s<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0928\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u0924 (Cost Reduction &amp; Economies of Scale)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Manufacturing Units) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 (Low Labor Cost)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 (Cheaper Raw Materials)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 (Mass Production) \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nike<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0907\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apple<\/strong> \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 iPhones \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e (Access to Natural Resources)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shell \u0914\u0930 BP<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>De Beers<\/strong> \u0939\u0940\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Competitive Advantage &amp; Global Brand Recognition)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924<\/strong> \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apple<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e (Risk Diversification)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f<\/strong>\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0932\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0928 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> <strong>Coca-Cola<\/strong> 200+ \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Access to Skilled Workforce &amp; Innovation)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 (Skilled Workforce) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Technological Innovation) \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (R&amp;D) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Google \u0914\u0930 Microsoft<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0915\u0928\u093e\u0921\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (R&amp;D) \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tesla<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 (\u090f\u092e\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940) \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Political and Legal Challenges)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (MNCs) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 (Political Environment) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 (Legal Frameworks) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 <\/strong>(Unstable Government Policies) \u2013 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935, \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Taxation) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 (Trade Regulations) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 (S<\/strong>trict Labor Laws) \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vodafone \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 (Tax Dispute) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0902 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e (Economic &amp; Financial Risks)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f (Inflation), \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 (Exchange Rate) \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;<strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 (Currency Fluctuations) \u2013 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930, \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b, \u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u0940 (Inflation &amp; Recession) \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0948\u0930\u093f\u092b (Trade Wars &amp; Tariffs) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 Apple \u0914\u0930 Tesla \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Cultural &amp; Language Barriers)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e (Language Barriers) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0924\u092d\u0947\u0926 (Cultural Differences) \u2013 \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (Local Sensitivities) \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>McDonald&#8217;s \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0940\u092b \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Ethical &amp; Corporate Social Responsibility &#8211; CSR Issues)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 (Exploitation of Cheap Labor) \u2013 MNCs \u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Environmental Impact) \u2013 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nike \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e (Child Labor) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Supply Chain &amp; Logistics Issues)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940 (Logistics Delays) \u2013 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Global Supply Chain Disruptions) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0926\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e (Dependence on Local Suppliers) \u2013 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Toyota<\/strong> \u0915\u094b COVID-19 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 (Semiconductor Shortage) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Taxation &amp; Profit Repatriation Issues)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Taxation) \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Double Taxation) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u0947\u0935\u0928 (Tax Havens) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0908 (Profit Repatriation Issues) \u2013 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (Tax Compliance Issues) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apple \u0914\u0930 Google<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Managing a Global Workforce)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (MNCs) \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u0942\u0920\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 (Different Labor Laws) \u2013 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093f\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 (Managing Remote and Diverse Teams) \u2013 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (Time Zones) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Cultural Differences in Workplace Expectations) \u2013 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940, \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e (Hierarchy), \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Microsoft<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>IBM<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 (Fair Labor Practices) \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MNCs \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (MNCs) \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902, \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Profit Shifting), \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 (Tax Avoidance) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Profit Shifting)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 (Tax Havens) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Transfer Pricing) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Loopholes) \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> Apple \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092b\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u091d \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930 (Transfer Pricing Manipulation)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MNCs \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0932\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> Google \u0928\u0947 Bermuda&nbsp; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f (0%) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (Tax Havens) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0924\u091f\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Offshore Companies)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 (Tax Havens) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> Facebook, Amazon \u0914\u0930 Microsoft \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, and Bermuda \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 (Double Taxation) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094b\u091d \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (Tax Treaties) \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f (Foreign Tax Credit) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u091d \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Digital Taxation Challenges)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 Google, Amazon, Netflix) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0918, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0930 (DST) \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (Tax Jurisdiction) \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u0947 Google \u0914\u0930 Facebook \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0917\u091c \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 3% \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 (BEPS) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Regulations)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) \u0928\u0947 BEPS \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MNCs \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930 (Global Minimum Tax) \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e (Financial Transparency) \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> OECD \u0928\u0947 2021 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930 (15%) \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 MNCs \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c4a70f31ad813756b6aa81dfa1a8b34a\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fcb90059;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/td><td>\u0905\u0902\u0915<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2018<\/td><td>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u092f\u0947 \u0964<\/td><td>5M<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2016<\/td><td>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928&nbsp; \u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/td><td>5M<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2016<\/td><td>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/td><td>10M<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2013<\/td><td>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 FDI \u090f\u0935\u0902 FII \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u092f\u0947 \u0964<\/td><td>5M<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (\u092b\u0947\u092e\u093e), 1999 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 (\u0921\u0940\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940), \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10% \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (10% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b FPI \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>\u0915\u094c\u0928 FDI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092b\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0947\u0902\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u092b\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 (LLPs), \u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917&nbsp; :<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928 \u2192 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0932\u092f\/\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0964 &#8211;&nbsp; \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u20b95000 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b CCEA \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e RBI \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 FDI \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u092f\u093e, \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0921\u093f\u092c\u0947\u0902\u091a\u0930, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0921 (FCCBs), \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0921, \u0921\u093f\u092a\u0949\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0938\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902 (\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0949\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f, \u091c\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0940\u0928\u094b,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091a\u093f\u091f \u092b\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940, \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (TDRs) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f (\u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\/\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940) \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e (Sectoral Cap):<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (FDI \u0914\u0930 FPI \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e (Composite Cap)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0928\u094b\u091f:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 FDI \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e FDI \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0917\u0930 FDI FPI \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0947 FDI \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FDI \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0926\u0947\u0936 :<\/strong> USA (($388.08 billion); \u091a\u0940\u0928, \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924- 15\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 <\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 (\u092f\u0942\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u091f\u0940\u090f\u0921\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 2 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (\u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u0906\u0908) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 43 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0930 28 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u0939 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902 8\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 15\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906 \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u0906\u0908 &#8211; \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u094c\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937-5 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964 2022 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u092b\u0921\u0940\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 10 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 49 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 FDI \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924( \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 2024 \u0924\u0915): \u092e\u0949\u0930\u0940\u0936\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 FDI \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 (2000-2023): \u092e\u0949\u0930\u0940\u0936\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 FDI \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 2024 \u0924\u0915): \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 FDI \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f (\u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 2024 \u0924\u0915): \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (\u0938\u0947\u092c\u0940)<\/strong> \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908)<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e: &#8220;\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u092c\u0940 (\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915) \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1995 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f : <\/strong>\u090f\u092b\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908 \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092c, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u092b\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908 (\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915) \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (\u0938\u0947\u092c\u0940) <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (\u090f\u092b\u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908) <\/strong>\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba63;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>FDI<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>FPI<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f:<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0921, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902, \u092e\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u092b\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093f, \u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e 10%\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (%):<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">10% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (%): \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 10% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930:<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930PFI \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u201c\u0917\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0938\u093e\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e &#8211; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0948\u0924\u093f\u091c FDI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u0906\u0908\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 FDI&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u0906\u0908\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba63;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 FDI \u0935 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 FDI \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e&nbsp; \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0928\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938&nbsp;<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940-\u092e\u0947\u0930\u0920 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928\u092b\u0940\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td><td colspan=\"3\">\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0917\u0941\u0906\u0930, \u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0930\u094b\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923\u0964<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#0270ba63;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 FDI \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2022\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935: \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0917\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0947, \u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0914\u0930&nbsp; \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923,<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<br><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948 :<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u092b\u0942\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940, \u092c\u093e\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935 \u092e\u0936\u0930\u0942\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940;<br>\u2022 \u092c\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928;<br>\u2022 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u092e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u091c\u0932\u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0916\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928,<br>\u2022 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936-<\/strong>&nbsp;\u091a\u093e\u092f, \u0915\u0949\u092b\u0940, \u0930\u092c\u0930, \u0907\u0932\u093e\u092f\u091a\u0940, \u092a\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0947\u0932, \u091c\u0948\u0924\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0947\u0932 (\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0928 \u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948)<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<br><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (\u091f\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0936\u093f\u092a, \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u092f\/\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f)<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u0948\u0936 \u0935 \u0915\u0948\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0932\u0938\u0947\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917&nbsp;<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0908-\u0915\u0949\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0938<br>\u2022\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948)<br>\u2022\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 (\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948)<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915<\/td><td>20% \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915,\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 49% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/td><td>74% (\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 49% \u0924\u0915)(\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 49% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0902\u0936\u0928(\u090f\u0932\u0906\u0908\u0938\u0940 20% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924)<\/td><td>74% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u0939\u0941-\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e<\/td><td>51 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/td><td>100% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\/ \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936: \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (MNCs), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 (FDI), \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 (FII) \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 (Marketing) \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0943\u091c\u0928 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":27106,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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