{"id":133843,"date":"2025-03-27T20:02:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T14:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/?page_id=133843"},"modified":"2025-07-05T17:02:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T11:32:21","slug":"4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix):"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/\">\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928<\/a> \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928 <strong>\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> (<strong>\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 4 Ps:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b <strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0930<\/strong> (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947<strong> <\/strong>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f <strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id133843_b03c58-37 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{border-top:1px solid transparent;border-right:1px solid transparent;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;border-left:1px solid transparent;}}<\/style>\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 Ps \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 <\/strong>: \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091c-\u0905\u092a \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b\u092c\u0949\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f <strong>\u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u092e\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <\/strong>: \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923) : <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 <\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 (Product)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093c-\u0905\u092a \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b\u092c\u0949\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d: <\/strong>\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong>\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"921\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-1024x921.png\" alt=\"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923\" class=\"wp-image-133737\" style=\"width:339px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-1024x921.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-600x540.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-300x270.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-768x691.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1-1536x1381.png 1536w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image5-1.png 1708w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928, \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0947\u0932, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0902\u0916\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <\/strong>&#8211; \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0915\u092e \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926:<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>: \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>: \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>: \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>: \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e, \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0930 \u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f, \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f, \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0915\u092e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0928, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 <\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 (Tangible) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u0930\u0947\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093f\u0932, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0928, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924 (Intangible) \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0939\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0921\u093e\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>: \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924, \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0902, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 (Materials and Parts)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e :<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0932<\/strong>: \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0924\u093f\u0932\u0939\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c, \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940: <\/strong>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a, \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917: <\/strong>\u091f\u093e\u092f\u0930, \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u092c, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092c\u0948\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0942\u0901\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e <\/strong>: \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901, \u092a\u0942\u0901\u091c\u0940\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 :&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 : <\/strong>\u0932\u093f\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0928\u092b\u093c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0914\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0914\u091c\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong>: \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0930\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901: <\/strong>\u092a\u0947\u0902\u091f, \u0915\u0940\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Operating Supplies) : <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0915, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0917\u091c\u093c \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span> :<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u091a\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>: \u092c\u093e\u091f\u093e (\u091c\u0942\u0924\u0947) \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u092b\u092c\u0949\u092f (\u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928) \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093e\u092e:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0942\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0940&#8221; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0917\u0947\u091f \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0915\u094b\u0932\u0917\u0947\u091f&#8221; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 :<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e &#8220;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0942\u0936&#8221; \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b, \u092e\u0948\u0915\u0921\u0949\u0928\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 :<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 <\/strong>: &#8220;\u0915\u0948\u0921\u092c\u0930\u0940&#8221; \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b, &#8220;\u0915\u094b\u0915\u093e-\u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e&#8221; \u092c\u094b\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong> \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f, \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 : <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0940, \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932, \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u093e &#8211; \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0964<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094b\u0916\u093e :<\/strong> \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0917\u0942\u0917\u0932, \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093e-\u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e, \u090f\u0921\u093f\u0921\u093e\u0938 &#8211; \u0905\u0928\u094b\u0916\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 : <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e (\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928) &#8211; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 (\u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u091f + \u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902\/\u092b\u093c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902) &#8211; \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 : <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&nbsp;\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 (\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e): <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0942\u0920\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947,&nbsp; Lyft \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f Lift) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 : <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092e\u0948\u0915\u0921\u0949\u0928\u0932\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 &#8211; &#8220;\u0906\u0908 \u090f\u092e \u0932\u0935\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u091f&#8221;, \u0928\u093e\u0907\u0915\u0940 &#8211; &#8220;\u091c\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u0942 \u0907\u091f&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&nbsp;\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e : <\/strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093e-\u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e, \u092b\u093c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u0940 &#8211; \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0938\u094c\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span> (Packaging):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0948\u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947&nbsp; \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u091f\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090a \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f , \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u092e\u0948\u0917\u0940 \u0928\u0942\u0921\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0932 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0947\u092b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Levels of Packaging):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Primary Packaging):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Secondary Packaging):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Transportation Packaging):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091c, \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Importance of Packaging):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e);&nbsp; \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Functions of Packaging):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 (Product Identification):<\/strong> \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092a\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (Product Protection):<\/strong> \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u091f-\u092b\u0942\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e (Facilitating Product Use):<\/strong> \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092c \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Product Promotion):<\/strong> \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Labelling)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u091f\u0948\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Functions of Labelling):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e, \u0906\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u092c\u0942 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092b \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091a\u093e\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092f\u0947\u0932\u094b, \u0930\u0947\u0921, \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Promotion of Products):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 &#8216;40% \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940&#8217; \u0936\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u091f\u0942\u0925\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0936 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940&#8217; \u091f\u0942\u0925\u092a\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Importance):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0932\u0947\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Product Mix) \u092f\u093e&nbsp;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Product Assortment):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example): <\/strong>\u0928\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u092a\u0947\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u094d\u092b\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f (Decisions): <\/strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (Width), \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 (Length), \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 (Depth), \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e (Consistency) \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 (Width):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> ITC Ltd. \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u0930\u0947\u091f, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 FMCG (\u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0942\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0902\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0921\u094d\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932, \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 (Length):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0921\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932, \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u092e \u0915\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u091a\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936, \u0921\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0911\u092f\u0932, \u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0942\u091f \u091c\u0942\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u0921\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0932 \u090f\u092f\u0930 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 (Depth):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0935\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u092f\u093e \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 (HUL) \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0938: \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e (Consistency):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932, \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0921\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0930\u094d\u0926-\u0917\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0927, \u092e\u0915\u094d\u0916\u0928, \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0907\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930&nbsp; (Product Life Cycle &#8211; PLC):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"848\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png\" alt=\"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix):\" class=\"wp-image-134429\" style=\"width:379px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-600x497.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-768x636.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1.png 1036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Stages of the Product Life Cycle):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Maturity Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947-\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Decline Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 (Other Related Concepts):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SKU (\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u091f):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u091f (SKU) \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915, \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 SKU \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e (Product Differentiation):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Product Positioning):<\/strong> \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 (Brand Equity):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, \u0935\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u0942\u0932\u0928\u0947, \u0928\u090f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 (Augmented Product):<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Pricing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0905\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092f\u093e)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924:<\/strong> \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0936\u0928)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f :&nbsp;<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092d \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong> \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928, \u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0920\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0938 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u20b9100 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b 20% \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0905\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u20b9120 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0947\u0928\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f-\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0928\u094b\u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u20b999.99 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u20b9100)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u092b\u0942\u0921 \u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0930, \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921-\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0949\u0938 \u0932\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u0906\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0921-\u0911\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u090f\u092f\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u091f \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f (Perceived Value) \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 : <\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong> \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924<\/strong> \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915&#8221; \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0932\u094b\u0917 <strong>Apple<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e , \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928&nbsp; \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 (High Price):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e (Exclusivity)<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 (Low Price):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b &#8220;\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e&#8221; \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u20b95000 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u20b91000 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0902\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 (Value-Based Pricing)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 <\/strong>\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f <strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <\/strong>&nbsp;\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924<\/strong> \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> <strong>Adobe<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 <strong>Microsoft<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 <strong>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 (Subscription Fees)<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091f\u0942\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f <\/strong>&nbsp;\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e (Finding the Right Balance)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 &gt; \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 &lt; \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong>, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0916\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f <\/strong>&nbsp;\u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u2248 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/strong>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f (Fair Exchange)<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Physical Distribution):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 (Physical Distribution): <\/strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932: <\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928: <\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 (Channels of Distribution):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 (Direct Channel &#8211; Zero Level):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u091a\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0947, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 (Indirect Channels):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (One Level &#8211; Manufacturer-Retailer-Consumer):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Two Level &#8211; Manufacturer-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Three Level &#8211; Manufacturer-Agent-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer):<\/strong> \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4-1024x730.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-133747\" style=\"width:432px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4-600x428.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image4.png 1094w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (Physical Movement of Goods):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f (Functions of Distribution Channels):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Sorting):<\/strong> \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923 (Accumulation):<\/strong> \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0935\u0902\u091f\u0928 (Allocation):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0938\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Assorting):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Product Promotion):<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094b\u0932\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Negotiation):<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094c\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093e (Risk Taking):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Factors Determining Choice of Channels):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926-\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 :<\/strong> \u0928\u093e\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0928, \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 (Competitive Factors):<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 :<\/strong> \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 :<\/strong> \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\/\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Order Processing):<\/strong> \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 (Transportation):<\/strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0939\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (Warehousing):<\/strong> \u0917\u094b\u0926\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0941\u0926\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u0918\u094d\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Inventory Control):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0906\u0909\u091f \u0915\u0947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928&nbsp; (Promotion)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 <\/strong>\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image23.png\" alt=\"4Ps of Marketing: Product, Price, Place &amp; Promotion\" class=\"wp-image-133752\" style=\"width:407px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image23.png 920w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image23-600x363.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image23-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image23-768x464.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Promotion Mix)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 (Advertising)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Personal Selling)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (Sales Promotion)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Publicity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><strong> (Advertising)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924, \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0948\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a :<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 (Personal Selling)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/strong> \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e, \u0906\u092e\u0928\u0947-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938:<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong> \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f:<\/strong> \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0932\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u0939\u0901\u0917\u093e &#8211; <\/strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e &#8211; <\/strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a &#8211;<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e &#8211; <\/strong>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong> \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (Sales Promotion)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f, \u0930\u093f\u092b\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 @ 0%, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0928\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915:<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u091c\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0932:<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 (Public Relations)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0924\u093e\u091b \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&nbsp;\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092f\u093e \u091d\u0942\u0920\u0940 \u0905\u092b\u0935\u093e\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;\u0907\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong> \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#0270ba59;padding-top:6px;padding-right:6px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:6px\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Impersonal communication)<\/td><td>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 (Personal communication)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/td><td>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0928\u092e\u094d\u092f<\/td><td>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/td><td>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940, \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/td><td>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/td><td>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><td>\u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u093f\u091a\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-6-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>FAQ (Previous year questions)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);background:#f1ad71;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:var(--ast-global-color-8);}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f1ad71;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id133843_74b54f-d9 kt-accordion-has-7-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane133843_d74e7c-94\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.1 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b&nbsp; \u0915\u0940 \u201c\u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908\u201d \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 ?<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2023)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 15 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane133843_bf0253-bb\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.2<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940.\u090f\u0932-\u0938\u0940.) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 5M, 2021)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0932\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,&nbsp; \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: 2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"848\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png\" alt=\"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix):\" class=\"wp-image-134429\" style=\"width:379px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-600x497.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-768x636.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1.png 1036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane133843_f8c10e-46\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.3<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2016)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 Apple iPhone \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane133843_59f3d0-b0\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.4<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2016)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 &#8211;<\/strong> \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 &#8211; <\/strong>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924) \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948: \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932, \u0938\u093f\u0917\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u093f\u0925\u094d\u092f\u0964&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0910\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930, \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane133843_17d935-e5\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.5<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 5M, 2016)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924, \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 &#8211; \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0935 &#8211; \u0935\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f, \u0930\u093f\u092b\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 @ 0%, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0936\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane133843_2c9877-e9\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Q.6<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 5M, 2016 Special)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Maturity Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947-\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Decline Stage):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"848\" src=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png\" alt=\"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix):\" class=\"wp-image-134429\" style=\"width:379px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-1024x848.png 1024w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-600x497.png 600w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1-768x636.png 768w, https:\/\/rajras.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/image19-1.png 1036w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1751714864399\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q.1 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u00a0 \u0915\u0940 \u201c\u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908\u201d \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 ?<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2023)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 15 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1751714898343\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q.2<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940.\u090f\u0932-\u0938\u0940.) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 5M, 2021)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0932\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,\u00a0 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: 2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1751714930193\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q.3<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2016)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 Apple iPhone \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1751715003126\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q.4<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 2M, 2016)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 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\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0935 &#8211; \u0935\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f, \u0930\u093f\u092b\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 @ 0%, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0936\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e &#8211; \u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1751715077343\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q.6<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0964<\/strong>(Marks &#8211; 5M, 2016 Special)<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Maturity Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947-\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Decline Stage):<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 4 Ps: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926, \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u091a\u0930 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0915\u0936 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":27106,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 ?(Marks - 2M, 2023)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0902\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 15 \u0939\u0948\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714898343\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714898343\",\"name\":\"Q.2 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940.\u090f\u0932-\u0938\u0940.) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964(Marks - 5M, 2021)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0932\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,\u00a0 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: 2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714930193\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714930193\",\"name\":\"Q.3 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964(Marks - 2M, 2016)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 Apple iPhone \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u0915\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715003126\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715003126\",\"name\":\"Q.4 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0964(Marks - 2M, 2016)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 -<\/strong> \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 - <\/strong>\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924) \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0939\u0948: \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u092f \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932, \u0938\u093f\u0917\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0942, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0939\u094b\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u093f\u0925\u094d\u092f\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0910\u092a\u094d\u092a\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948: \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928, \u0932\u0948\u092a\u091f\u0949\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930, \u092a\u0939\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715039437\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715039437\",\"name\":\"Q.5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964(Marks - 5M, 2016)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0909\u0928 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\u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924, \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0915 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\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 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\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 - \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0936\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e - \u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715077343\",\"position\":6,\"url\":\"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715077343\",\"name\":\"Q.6 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0964(Marks - 5M, 2016 Special)\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Maturity Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947-\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Decline Stage):<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0928\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"},\"inLanguage\":\"hi-IN\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix): - Connect Civils","description":"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, 4Ps, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/","og_locale":"hi_IN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 (Marketing Mix): - Connect Civils","og_description":"\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, 4Ps, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964","og_url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/","og_site_name":"Connect 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\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u0932 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\u091a\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 15 \u0939\u0948\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714898343","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714898343","name":"Q.2 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940.\u090f\u0932-\u0938\u0940.) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964(Marks - 5M, 2021)","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>\u092b\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092a \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0932\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940) \u0909\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,\u00a0 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f, \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: 2000 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong>: \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u0908\u0935\u0940) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714930193","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751714930193","name":"Q.3 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0964(Marks - 2M, 2016)","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\/\u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<br\/>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 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\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0916\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: <\/strong>\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0941\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u093f\u0935 - \u0935\u0947 \u091f\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092b\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong> \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0942\u091f, \u0930\u093f\u092b\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0939\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u0949, \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 @ 0%, \u0928\u092e\u0942\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong> \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0917 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092b\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935\u0932 - \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091b\u0942\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0936\u092c\u0948\u0915 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br\/><strong>\u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0926\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 <strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 : <\/strong>\u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u092e\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e - \u091c\u093c\u094b\u092e\u0948\u091f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","inLanguage":"hi-IN"},"inLanguage":"hi-IN"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715077343","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/rajras.in\/hi\/ras\/mains\/paper-1\/management\/4ps-of-marketing-product-price-place-promotion\/#faq-question-1751715077343","name":"Q.6 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0964(Marks - 5M, 2016 Special)","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Introduction Stage):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092a\u0947\u091f\u0940\u090f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093f\u091f\u0932 \u0935\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a (\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924)\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Growth Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0949\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964<br\/><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Maturity Stage):<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e, \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u0947-\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u091a\u0930\u0923 (Decline Stage):<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0943\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (Characteristics):<\/strong> \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092a\u0923\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f (Marketing Strategy):<\/strong> \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<br\/><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 (Example):<\/strong> \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0915\u092c\u0947\u0930\u0940 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